Great Wall of China

The Rise and Fall of China's Great Wall The rise and fall of China's Great Wall: the race to save a world treasure – Special Report Current Events, Sept 27, 2002 Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl. net. It's free! Save it. MADE OF BRICK, STONE, and dirt, the Great Wall twists and turns across China's landscape like a giant dragon. It seems to rise out of the sea at Bo Hal gulf, a place known to local people as Laolongtou, or â€Å"the old dragon's head. † The wall then stretches across the plains, crawls along the sides of mountains and scales their peaks as it spans the Asian countryside.This ancient wonder, built entirely by hand, often overwhelms visitors. On a trip to the wall in 1909, French scholar Auguste Gilbert de Voisins said, â€Å"Nothing stops it, nothing gets in its way; seeing it at this point, one might believe it to be eternal. † Today, however, neglect, misuse, and modernization threaten the giant dragon. Al though the wall once stretched nearly 4,000 miles across China's northern border, only about 1,500 miles of China's Great Wall remain. The rest has fallen apart and disappeared. This year, the World Monuments Fund placed the Great Wall on its list of 100 Most Endangered Sites.The group hopes to protect what's left of the wall and to encourage the Chinese government and others to save the historic structure. According to a World Monuments Fund report, â€Å"[The wall] was built to protect China; now China must protect it. † The Great Wall of Qin China's Great Wall didn't start out so great. Begun nearly 2,300 years ago, the structure was a series of small fortifications. As early as 600 B. C. , people in China built small walls around their homes and cities for protection. Soldiers guarded the gates around the city walls during the day and swung the gates shut at night.During the Warring States period (475-221 B. C. ), leaders struggling for control of China built walls around entire kingdoms. Soldiers occupied forts and towers on the wall and fought to protect the borders of the independent states. In 221 B. C. , Qin Shi Huangdi unified the kingdoms and became the first emperor of China. Qin Shi Huangdi gave orders to build the chang cheng, or â€Å"long wall,† to protect China from northern nomads who were trying to invade China. Laborers built the wall by joining walls constructed earlier and extending the length of the wall to nearly 3,100 miles.With the help of General Meng Tian, Qin Shi Huangdi ordered 800,000 men–soldiers, prisoners, and peasants–to build the wall. Where stones were plentiful, workers used stones to build parts of the wall. Where stones were scarce, workers used dirt. To build the wall, laborers dug up large amounts of dirt and carried it to the wall. The workers then piled dirt into wooden frames about 6 inches deep. They used wooden instruments to pound the dirt until it became a solid mass. This process was repeated until the wall reached a desired height.Workers then moved the wooden frames to the next section of the wall and began the process again. According to legend, Qin Shi Huangdi condemned workers to death for making the slightest construction errors. Today, few traces of the Qin wall remain. After Qin Shi Huangdi's death in 210 B. C. , workers abandoned the wall and it eventually crumbled into ruins. The Ming Fortress Nearly all of Qin Shi Huangdi's successors built walls along China's northern frontier. The fortifications, however, never fully protected China from invasion.During the early 13th century, Genghis Khan, leader of the Mongols, a nomad group from the north, united several nomad armies and conquered much of Asia. In 1279, Genghis Khan's grandson, Kubilai Khan, overthrew the Chinese emperor and established the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368). The Yuan emperors did not maintain the old wall or build a new one, so the wall began to fall into ruins. After Khan died in 1227, a Chinese farmer named Zu Yuanzhang led a rebel army and helped overthrow the last Yuan emperor. When Zu Yuanzhang seized power, he established the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).Zu and his successors decided to rebuild China's Great Wall, which lay mostly in ruins, to keep the Mongols from returning to reconquer China. For nearly 200 years, thousands of workers toiled away on the Ming wall–reinforcing the Great Wall with bricks and stone. The Ming wall eventually blocked mountain passes that Mongol soldiers had used to invade China. When Mongol tribes attacked the wall, Chinese soldiers alerted others by lighting signal fires. When guards from a signal tower saw the fire, they built another fire, passing the warning along the wall.The number of smoke plumes and cannon shots fired indicated to Chinese soldiers how many enemy soldiers were approaching. The Ming government taxed the people of China heavily to pay for construction of the Great Wall. In 1644, the Manchus, a nomad tribe from northeast of Peking, helped rebels overthrow the Ming rulers and started the next era in Chinese history–the Qing dynasty. During the Qing dynasty, Manchu forces drove out Mongol invaders and extended China's border farther north beyond the Great Wall. The wall no longer protected China's border, so construction stopped and soldiers abandoned the fortresses.The Wall At Risk Today, Chinese officials warn that the Great Wall is once again under attack. But this time the wall is not in danger from invaders. Instead local people and tourists alike threaten the wall. Dong Yaohui, head of the Great Wall Society of China, recently persuaded a local government to levy a fine on residents in a small village after they demolished part of the wall to obtain bricks for new houses. And in 1999, officials in the autonomous region of Nei Monggol (once called Inner Mongolia) plowed through the Great Wall to build a highway. Nature has also taken its toll.At the wall's western end, dese rt sandstorms have worn down much of China's great wonder. Dong Yaohui said, â€Å"Saving the Great Wall is now the most urgent task facing our country. Its splendor must be rebuilt. † Preservationists also argue that commercial developers are destroying the aesthetic beauty of China's Great Wall. Developers have turned parts of the wall into a tourist destination. Visitors to the wall at the Badaling section near Beijing can take one of five cable cars to the top of the wall, bungee-jump off a section of the wall, paraglide along the wall, or ride a toboggan down the mountain.William Lindesay, an Englishman living in China, organized a group to protect and preserve what is left of the wall. Lindesay's group, the International Friends of the Great Wall, works with local villagers to pick up garbage along the wall and make sure the wall is protected from vandals. â€Å"The wall is in grave, grave danger,† Lindesay said. The Chinese government also hopes to protect the n ational treasure. Officials in Beijing are considering legislation that, if passed, would convict anyone caught littering or defacing the Great Wall to a jail term of up to seven years.Arthur Waldron, a historian, wrote, â€Å"Whatever the future brings, the image of the wall †¦ as a symbol of China †¦ seems bound to endure. † Get Talking Ask students: why do you think the Great Wall of China was built? What is the approximate length of the wall? What might have been some of the challenges faced by the wall's builders? What might the wall be threatened today? Background The Great Wall is among the most popular tourist destinations in China, along with the Forbidden City in Beijing, and the Terra Cotta Warriors at Xi'an.Qin Shi Huangdi (the first emperor of China) unified the nation of China and built the first Great Wall. After Qin Shi Huandi died, he was buried in a tomb with an army of terra cotta warriors and horses at Xi'an. In 1974, Qin Ski Huangdi's tomb was d iscovered by a group of archaeologists. During the Qin Dynasty–when the first Great Wall was built–workers toiled for ten years to build the wall, at a rate of about 25 miles per month. Portions of the wall have been rebuilt during the past century–including the section of the wall at Badaling, near China's capital of Beijing. Many myths surround China's Great Wall.One of the most prevalent is that the Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from the Moon. However, according to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), â€Å"The Great Wall can barely be seen from the Shuttle, so it would not be possible to see it from the Moon with the naked eye. † Doing More After students have read the story, ask them to research other sites listed as endangered by the World Monuments Fund. What are the biggest threats to those sites? Why are the sites considered important? When students have finished gathering the information, have them presen t their findings to the class.

Greasy lake by t. coraghessan boyle

Greasy Lake by T. Coraghessan Boyle and Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? by Joyce Carol Oates are two plants that have the generalised subject of decease in them. They may differ in contextual ways, but the deeper subject they portion is present. The more in depth comparings are about adolescents seeking to happen their manner through life as portrayed through their expressions and actions, and the idea of how you perceive yourself can acquire you into problem. Greasy Lake contains teenage bad male childs seeking to happen their ego individuality, and Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been surrounds a miss who doesnt know the power of attending she attracts, until its excessively late. In Greasy Lake the chief characters call themselves bad characters. They are seting on a faade of leather jackets, mischievousness and stone and axial rotation. These chief characters were Digby, Jeff and the storyteller, who truly didnt know what they were acquiring into late one dark at Greasy Lake. What started out as a gag led to a twine of unfortunate events, and how the three male childs in the terminal realized that they were so, non bad characters any longer ; hence the teenage ego geographic expedition. From a battle, to attempted colza, to the shattering of the storytellers female parents auto, one dark was all it took for those male childs to see that they werent who they thought they were. This all ties in with the subject because of the things that are traveling through the storytellers head as he leads the readers through the events. The whole scene is dark to get down with. Its late at dark when the male childs arrive at the lake, they end up in problem with a large greasy character, as they call him, and the whole lake is surrounded by decease and decay. This can be an immediate connexion to decease. Another manner to demo find is how at the terminal of the narrative it reads as this, when the male childs are ready to drive place: I merely looked at her. I thought I was traveling to shout. ( 403 ) I believe at this point the storyteller realizes that there will ever be person out at that place that will be tougher than you, and that will acquire you in the terminal. He realizes that certain, they were large and bad to themselves, until they met their lucifer. This shows alteration in the characters which is a large indicant of subject. Another indicant would be the rubric, because greasy is by and large something that is used in a bad manner, so it doesnt in any manner reflect life. Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? is besides, like stated before, about adolescent perceptual experience and how it can or will acquire you into problem. There is a miss, named Connie, who thinks that she is so pretty and is a wholly conceited character. She believes that she can acquire any cat she wants, and wants any cat she can acquire, until she attracts unwanted attending. This is a narrative in portion created through a consecutive slayer. Bing about a consecutive slayer entirely shows darkness and decease, but there are other illustrations of this subject. One would be how Connie would ever mouse out with her friends to the Burger articulation across the street. This is an act of withstanding parents. She defies her parents because they treat her as if they dont attention about her at all. This is besides something that is negative and could associate to decease. Connie ends up being so nave about who she may be demoing off excessively, that she becomes at bay, entire ly, in her ain place with a adult male outside, coming to nobble her. This is another similarity to Boyles narrative, because there is a alteration in the character here every bit good. Connie alterations because she goes from acquiring any cat she wants, and believing that shes unbeatable, to be wholly vulnerable in her ain place. An illustration of how full of herself she is, is right in the first twosome of sentences: She was 15 and she had a speedy nervous tittering wont of stretch outing her cervix to look into mirrors, or look intoing other peoples faces to do certain her ain was alright. ( 427 ) This alone shows how all she cares about are expressions. An illustration of assurance and so exposure comes when the kidnaper, Arnold Friend, comes to her house to acquire her. At first she is aroused and plays it cool, believing she can manage any state of affairs. The feeling rapidly alterations though, when she realizes this is one state of affairs she cant acquire herself out of, going vulnerable. Therefore, both Greasy Lake and Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? have a shared subject, being that how you perceive yourself can acquire you into problem. The male childs from Greasy Lake met their lucifer and learned that they truly werent bad characters and Connie from Where Are You Traveling had a more unfortunate death when she realized being excessively confident can acquire you into a bad state of affairs. The narratives besides had repeating cases of decease, from the disintegrating lake to Arnold Friend being a dark and chilling character to Connie. All in all, even though the secret plans may hold been different, the subject of decease and teenage ego geographic expedition are present in these plants.

Anti-Abortion Laws and Maternal Mortality in the US Research Paper

Anti-Abortion Laws and Maternal Mortality in the US - Research Paper Example However the perception of abortion has changed over the centuries. Abortion became one of the most controversial and debatable subjects in the modern society. Donald T. Critchlow (Critchlow 1996, 1) points out that abortion transformed into political issue since â€Å"reproduction rights became public policy.† There are various issues related to abortion: ethical, biological, religious and others. Those issues have transformed over the years and social understanding of them has changed. I believe that the most tragic subject of anti-abortion laws is the issue of maternal-mortality when performing illegal abortions. In this paper I will provide analysis of issues related to maternal mortality prior to the time when abortions were considered legal in the US, precisely the time period between 1800s – 1900s. Anti-abortion legislation in the US caused millions of deaths from illegal abortion and poor medical assistance. Abortion procedure is not something new, it has been known for ages. Women were doing abortions for long time and they will keep doing them even if it is considered illegal. The question is: what price society is ready to pay for this and how many more women have to die. Unfortunately there is no exact statistical data of how many women died during the anti-abortion era. In the beginning of 20th century maternal mortality ratio indicated 600 deaths per 100 000 livebirths in the USA (Ronsmans and Graham September 30, 2006, 4). This number was significantly bigger before the 1900s due to the poor medical conditions and illegal status of abortions. There is no precise data of illegal abortions due to several reasons. First of all, women were ashamed to report on having an abortion. Secondly, they experienced family and social pressure and guilt and preferred to hide the fact of abortion. At the same time wrong and misleading reports from medical institutions blurred the real number of deaths from illegal abortions (Rose 2008, 114). C onnecticut was the first American state that prohibited abortion in 1821. Later on other states followed its example and banned termination of pregnancy as well. The issue of abortion was forbidden to discuss for a very long time in American society. This situation forced women to use some illegal abortion services, thus putting their lives in danger. Women were allowed to have a legal abortion in exceptional cases predetermined by their medical conditions (Frankowski and Cole 1987, 20). In this situation women used severe and dangerous techniques to terminate unwanted pregnancies. They used knitting needles and coating hangers, douched with some poisonous chemicals or took some strong pills in order to perform the procedure themselves. All these methods put women’s lives in danger. Oftentimes they needed immediate professional medical assistance, but it was difficult for them to get it, due to social stigma and prejudices. If the abortion did not work women tried to perfor m the procedure again and again (Boston Women's Health Book Collective. 1998). I believe there were several reasons for abortion to be considered illegal. First of all, in the 1800 this surgical procedure was highly risky and the high mortality rates proved that. However majority of surgical procedures were risky for patients at that time. Secondly, anti-abortion legislation created a control mechanism over women. Later on this control and restrictions had a great impact on the feminist movements (Gordon 1976). Thirdly, male doctors increased their control over the medical field and consolidated their power. Finally, American government tried to scare the white population of the possible â€Å"race suicide.† Therefore white women were highly recommended to give birth (Boston Women's

Society-Law & Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Society-Law & Government - Essay Example The adult parole population grew 1.1%, rising to a total of 732,351 by December 31, 2001.† Glaze also added that since 1995, there had been a steady growth in correctional population. From 1.3 percent annual growth, it had increased to 3.7 percent per annum on jails, 3.6 percent per annum on prisons, and 3.4 percent per annum on probation (Glaze, 2001). With the continued financial difficulty brought about by the global economic crisis, it is no wonder that more and more people are committing felony. For some, drugs could have been a way of escape since 25 percent or a quarter of all probationers were convicted of a drug law violation. Others, alcohol had been a way of escape since 18 percent of all probationers were arrested for driving intoxicated or under the influence of alcohol (Glaze, 2001). I would definitely agree with the statistics given the fact that the general American public is very stressed out with ways of coping with financial difficulty that almost everyone is experiencing right now. Social stratification refers to the various strata of social groups that make up the community. Social groupings based on gender, ethnicity, power, economic affluence, are just a few means to which people are grouped together. For instance, in our current society, people are more often associated with upper, middle, or lower classes. By studying the concepts of social stratification, one would be able to identify how each social group relates to one another and how their presence affects the community as a whole. By doing so, it hopes to be able to find the root causes of inequality and its impact on the overall aspects of the social life (Saunders, 1990). In terms of the delivery and quality of legal services in the United States, I believe that economic inequality and ethnicity are two driving social forces that impact its efficacy.

Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Communication - Essay Example This new innovative technology came into being in 1998 and within a short span of time became popular specially among youngsters. The reason for its increasing popularity is the ease of usage and accessibility it has brought in communication. Moreover, certain scholars call it as an innovative tool and an interesting mode of communication. This is because electronic communication has brought ease not only for young people but also for businesses and students of all ages. Even elders are benefited with it since electronic communication has given birth to virtual communication, which has made it convenient to talk face-to-face with relatives overseas. Yet where this communication medium has benefited the society, it has brought with it certain downsides as well. This is because where virtual communication and networking has helped bring people closer, it has also developed certain negative consequences in numerous ways. In this paper we will be evaluating both the positive and negative contributions of electronic methods of communication in our society (Middlewood & Abbott, 124; Krus, 28-1 to 28-8). First off, we will discuss the benefits electronic communication has brought to our society. Firstly, on a personal level, virtual means of communication has helped people build closer ties with their family and friends living overseas. This is due to the social networking websites like Skype and Facebook through which people could communicate with their friends and relatives no matter what place or country they are in. Both the networking sites provide the facility of video calls which allow face-to-face conversations with the other person anywhere in the world (Middlewood & Abbott, 124; Krus, 28-1 to 28-8). On academic level, virtual communication has enabled the students to communicate more conveniently with teachers/instructors at a faster speed. Also, the networking sites mentioned has enabled the students to take virtual classes on Skype. Email facility and Face book communication (which includes the study groups made on Facebook nowadays and other academic groups) provides student with the ease of getting instant feedbacks from teachers. Also Smart phones have further enhanced the communication since through smart phones, students and instructors can instantly communicate with each other. Moreover, the new trend of Colleges and Universities developing their own grading software on their websites has made it easy for professors to update student grades online in minutes. On the other side, students could immediately log in and see their results without waiting for the next day or so to get their reports in paper form. In addition, electronic communication through social networking websites have enabled professors to upload study materials on their College website account or on the Facebook group, which could be accessed by students within seconds. Most importantly, virtual/electronic communication has turned our environment into a paperless environment, since everything is documented and managed online (Middlewood & Abbott, 124; Krus, 28-1 to 28-8). On a business level, virtual communication has enabled businessmen to conduct meetings online without having to travel to another city or country. Emails, faxes and social networking websites have benefited the businesses in the fields of marketing, finance, public relations and all kinds of management. It is with the help of social networking and

Going for growth by investing in people, products and plant 2 Essay

Going for growth by investing in people, products and plant 2 - Essay Example Question 1 Before making an investment, it is prudent that one possesses an effective understanding of the market of operation. This is important in making an informed investment move. The process of studying the market and developing an understanding of the same is collectively referred to as investment appraisal. It involves a series of market evaluation through a number of mechanisms which result in the comparison of the business’ key objectives which are profitability under the existent market forces (Willey, 2012). There are a number of investment appraisal methodologies including net present value which investigates the ability of the market to repay the investment given the numerous present market factors such as inflation. One of the most preferred of these methods is the direct payback method in which the investor calculates the number of years it may take the business to return the initial investment. Some other investment appraisal method is the accounting rate of r eturn which bases its assessment of the market on its ability to earn profit to the investment. Despite their different approaches to the appraisal, the methods safeguard the interest of the business by trying to determine its profitability and above all its longevity. The life of a business is of great importance to the investor since the longer a business stays viable, the more the investor earns. The company makes an extensive capital investment with the sole aim of achieving the business objective. Capital investment is the amount of money that the enterprise invests in fixed assets which are directly used before implementing its investment plan. In this case, the Hazelwood Sandwiches Company carries out an extensive market research and investment appraisal thereby ensuring that their company stays relevant in the evidently dynamic market (Tabbush, 2011). This includes enhancing the production process such as the machinery and the production plant. The company does this after st aying in operation for some time; it therefore has an understanding of the market. Its decision to make such an expansive capital investment arises from the understanding that it has for the market. The company, just as any other desires, to stay active in the industry for as long as it takes. It therefore collects adequate information about the market and has its market facts right (Thomas & Michael, 2001). After determining the market size, the company determines its market share which is indeed the largest. The subsequent investment therefore arises from the desire to retain the position thus safeguarding both the profitability and the longevity of the company. The company has therefore mapped out its capital investment plan in phases to ensure that it does not become bankrupt in the process since such as scenario might have stifled the production process thereby either incurring debts or resulting in the eventual closure of the company. While purchasing fixed assets and improvin g the scale of production, the company also increases its working capital which is also part of capital investment. Question 2 The investment decision technique is synonymous to the investment appraisal method. The three discussed in the article are the playback method, the net present value, and the account rate of return (Alexander, 2010). Despite the fact that they all lead to an appropriate investment decision, they are different in their provisions and therefore possess unique advantages and disadvantages. The net

Ford Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ford Corporation - Essay Example On the other hand, strategic management deals with identification and description of the strategies that mangers carry out to attain better performance and a competitive advantage for their corporation. A corporation is recognized to have a competitive advantage if its profitability is larger than average profitability for all corporations in its industry. That being said, this paper focuses on Ford Motor Corporation in terms of business policy and strategic management since the year 2006. Throughout the account of Ford Motor Corporation, inclusion has been the key part of the corporation’s success as exceptional products. Ford is a leader inclusion and diversity, and both remain chief Ford business strategies. Ford is recognized to sustain diversity at all ranks of the company, from the boardroom to design studio level, form plant levels to the engineering bodies. The corporation diversity makes Ford be a better corporation, a stronger organization, by bringing in new ideas, perspectives, life responsibilities, and experiences, and also by fostering a genuine collaborative workplace. Ford Motor Corporation sells and offers purchase financing all around the world. Ford had generally made a determination to exploit on potential economies of scale attainable from its size, until in the early 2008 when CEO Alan Mullay revealed One Ford turnaround strategy. The strategy involved the Global Product Development system; a process of sharing designs and improvement worldwide and between markets, with the objective of creating global process more effective. Advancing world has grown wealthier, and higher energy prices have globally gone up for better fuel economy (Crumm, & Thomas 231). Ford strategy anticipated developing less automobile models that can be sold worldwide with few changes: coined world cars. Ford’s plan was to develop more world cars with the aim of making a similar vehicle proving in all of its market across the globe. Despite declining go vernment bailout, Ford came out stronger, and as lean as its bankrupt competitors. Ford’s chief advantage was that the corporation was able to take the benefit of the lenient economic and political climate meant for bankrupt US automakers such as GM and Chrysler (Brown, & Williams 119). Ford took this benefit while it was functioning under neither condition (government influence and bankrupt). As an outcome, the corporation was able to divest non-core brands, slash capacity, reserve treasured tax assets, renegotiate healthcare, and cut debt. All this items were simpler to do with US government and United Auto Workers more compliant to reserve the company rather than dealing with another bankrupt auto builder (Hiraide, & Chakraborty 53). Coming out of the TARP era, Ford Motor Company distorted itself into an intense and highly levered bet on the retrieval of US light vehicles. Ford Motor Company anticipated that the US automobiles will not be the gas-guzzling vehicles that wer e manufactured by auto builders such as Hummer for GM. Ford placed itself to take on impending government of up surging MPG and market desire for smaller cars (â€Å"2002 Ford Thunderbird world debut†). However, other international brands, particularly Honda and Toyota Company had a head start as they did not agonies the structural disaster that the other Big Three Auto companies experienced in the past

(HRM)Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(HRM)Globalisation - Essay Example It is recognized through a number of trends such as growing economic integration and liberalization; trade deregulation; convergence of macroeconomic policies; modification of the role and concept of nation state; proliferation of supranational agreements and regulatory bodies; and globalization of information systems 1." Upon looking into the given premise, one might have the idea that the said practice has its positive and negative effects. In this case, if some countries oppose this kind of practice definitely anticipate is negative effects. So, what are these negative effects that they seem to oppose this kind of practice Vandana Shivea (2006) 2, an Indian ecofeminist and scholar, once stated that "globalization along with the support of organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, have created a term more often known as "slave wages". These kinds of wages are not necessarily the result of "unjust" societies, but of the fact that global trade devalues the worth of people's lives and work. While globalization has brought jobs to rural, developing areas such as India where there was previously no employment, these jobs seem to be wolves in sheep's clothing.

Reading assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reading assignment - Essay Example In The Abolition of Man, C.S Lewis uses the example of The Green Book and its authors Gaius and Titius which is meant to provide English education for children (Lewis). Gaius and Titius basically created the following proposition, according to C.S. Lewis: â€Å"firstly, that all sentences containing a predicate of value are statements about the emotional state of the speaker, and secondly, that all such statements are unimportant†(Lewis). To Lewis, this is unacceptable and goes against the natural moral law as it teaches â€Å"the belief that all emotions aroused by local association are in themselves contrary to reason and contemptible†(Lewis). This means that a large part of the learning process in studying literature is being able to understand and interpret the emotions conveyed by the author of a piece. In turn, not being able to comprehend the emotional aspect or associating the emotions with something negative or of little merit, students are losing the lessons i n ethics, morals, and philosophy that often are interwoven with literature. By taking the emphasis off of this type of examination, the study of English and literature becomes much more scientific, clinical, and empty. Many of the important moral and philosophical lessons comes from literature and by threatening to take this aspect out of books or by placing less emphasis on it, the education system is not supporting the high morality that has existed in the Western hemisphere. Without this support, the moral and philosophical nature of the Western culture will further deteriorate and there will be a plethora of unreasonable citizens in its wake. C.S. Lewis continues his argument for natural moral law with providing evidence that society has lost objective truth and morality. According to Lewis: â€Å"Their skepticism about values is on the surface: it is for use on other peoples values; about the values current in their own set they are not

Analyzing the Ramayana Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analyzing the Ramayana - Term Paper Example King Janak makes a resolution whoever has the ability to bend the bow will marry Sita. The King says this while he is quite aware that no ordinary man can achieve that. Rama together with his brother’s journey to King Janak’s court and are offered the opportunity to bend the bow. Rama finds it quite easy to bend the bow and his strength is so massive that the weapon snaps. King Janak agrees to offer Sita to Rama as his bride and also to offer his brothers noble bride from his kingdom. Therefore, Sita turns out to be Rama’s wife and Lakshman marries Sita’s sister Urmila. Sita’s cousins, Sruta-kriti and Mandavi turn out to be the wives of Satrughna and Bharat. Dasa-radha in fear of rivavry among his children, decided to send Satrughna and Bharat to live with their mother. Years later, King Dasa-ratha proposes that Rama ought to become regent. The majority of the people in the council and the kingdom are excited of this idea and plan to invest for Rama to attain the konsala throne. However, the maid to Queen Kaikeyi is not happy with the idea and suggests that that Kaikeyi’s son ought to become regent. She man ages to convince Dasa-ratha to send Rama into exile and make Bharta regent. Rama is forced to exile and tells his wife that he will fulfill his father’s word (Sadan, 232). Ramayan is a romanticized myth that is destined to plea to human’s better nature. Ramayan is prevalent with a number of characters who behave contrary and plainly to the nature of humans such that they become unreasonable. The first seen is when Dasratha murders Shravana. Shravana, who is a submissive son, decides on carrying his sick and sightless parents on his shoulders while he walks. The four heavenly locations of pilgrimage create a diamond and the four sides comprise of more than four thousand miles. At a tempo of fifteen miles each day, without passing any jungles and no paves roads with resting period, this voyage was likely

The Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Essay Example for Free

The Determination of an Equilibrium Constant Essay During our experiment, it became clear that there were a variety of errors due to procedure that has culminated in anomalous results producing an inaccurate Kc value. There are two main sources of inaccuracies; systematic errors and equipment errors. The main sources of systematic errors were:  ( i ) The amount of phenolphthalein added to the solutions  ( ii ) The difficulty in judging the exact point of colour change from colourless to pink during the titration. ( iii ) The difference in judging where the bottom of the meniscus is.   The systematic errors are non-quantitative; therefore it is impossible to predict the effect of the errors mathematically. But, due to the repetition of the titration, we are increasing the precision of our results, thereby decreasing the event of an error being produced. Therefore the systematic errors have a relatively insignificant role in our errors.  The experimental errors were a result of the inaccuracies from the equipment:  ( i ) The burette has an inaccuracy of +/-0.05cm3, thus resulting in a cumulative error of 0.1cm3 and the pipette had an error of +/- 0.1cm3. ( ii ) Minor inaccuracy from the 100cm3 standardizing flask.  As the results of the experimental errors produced quantitative errors, it is possible to work out the results in account with the percentage of errors due to the equipment. The calculation has been shown on the analysis sheet. The error due to the burette was (0.05/16.8) x 100 = 0.3%, and the error due to the pipette was (0.1/1) x 100 = 10%. Therefore, the total error due to equipment was 10.3%, ignoring the inaccuracy due to the standardizing flask as it is so small it can be ignored. Another large source have error cannot have been foreseen. We based our experiment on the fact that the solutions we were given were in equilibrium, but we cannot be sure that this is true. Although the solution were left for a week, to make sure that our solutions were in equilibrium, we could leave the solution for a longer period of time to improve the likeliness of an equilibrium being maintained. As my results can prove, the precision was very good as my results were close together, but my value of Kc was almost 30% of the data book value of 4.0 for this reaction. As a class, all the solutions should have produced the same Kc value, therefore having the class averages for all the solutions can allow me to analyse the accuracy of my results in comparison to the other experiments: Kc Averages for experiment:  1. 3.49 no units  2. 1.28 no units  3. 4.11 no units  4. 2.55 no units  The overall average for the Kc is ( 3.49 + 1.28 + 4.11 + 2.55 ) / 4 = 2.86 no units. Therefore, as my result for the Kc was 2.82 (no units), with respect to the class, my results were very accurate. Unfortunately with respect to the actual data book value of 4, my experimental error was off by 30% resulting in a fairly inaccurate real result.

Methods of Risk Analysis and Management

Methods of Risk Analysis and Management RISK ANALYSIS METHODS Risk management can be divided into four steps: risk identification, risk assessment, risk control, and risk records. In recent years, studies have mostly focused on the risk assessment. Risk assessment is to analyze and measure the size of risks in order to provide information to risk control. Four steps are included in the risk assessment. According to the results of risk identification and build an appropriate mathematical model. through expert surveys, historical records, extrapolation, etc. to obtain the necessary, basic information or data available, and then choose the appropriate mathematical methods to quantify the information. Choose proper models and analysis methods to deal with the data and adjust the models according to the specific circumstances. Determine the size of risks according to certain criteria. In the risk assessment extrapolation, subjective estimation, probability distribution analysis and other methods are used to obtain some basic data or information. Further data analysis often use following basic theory and methods: layer analysis method, mode cangue logical analysis method, Monte Carlo simulation, the gray system theory, artificial neural network method, fault tree analysis, Bayesian theory, an influence diagram method and Markov process theory. We can divide the methods into qualitative analysis and Quantitative Analysis. Qualitative analysis: 1. Fault Tree Analysis Fault Tree Analysis Fault Tree Analysis (Fault Tree Analysis, FTA) can be used for qualitative analysis of risk and can also be used for quantitative analysis. It is mainly used for large-scale complicated system reliability and safety analysis. It is also an effective method to Unification reliability and safety analysis, through hardware, software, environment, human factors.FTA is drawing a variety of possibilities of failure in system failure analysis, from whole to part, according to the tree structure. Fault tree analysis using tree form, the system The failure of components and composition of the fault system are connected. We are always using fault tree in qualitative or quantitative risk analysis. The difference in them is that the quantitative fault tree is good in structure and it requires use of the same rigorous logic as the formal fault tree, but qualitative fault tree is not. Fault tree analysis system is based on the target which event is not hoped to happen (called the top event), one level down from the top event analysis of the direct cause of their own events (call low event), according to the logical relationship between the upper and lower case, the analysis results are obtained. 2. Event Tree Analysis Event tree analysis (event tree analysis, ETA) also known as decision tree analysis, is another important method of risk analysis. It is the events of a given system, the analysis of the events may cause a series of results, and thus evaluates the possibility of the system. Event tree is given an initial event all possible ways and means of development, every aspect of the event tree events (except the top incidents) are the implementation of certain functions of measures to prevent accidents, and all have binary outcomes (success or failure). While the event tree illustrates the various incidents causes of the accident sequence group. Through various intermediate steps in the accident sequence group can organize the complexity of the relationship between the initial incident and the probability of systemic risk reduction measurement, and identify the accident sequence group. So we can calculate the probability of each of the key sequence of events occurred. 3. Cause-Consequence Analysis Cause and consequence analysis is a combination of fault tree analysis and event tree analysis. It uses the cause analysis (fault tree analysis) and the result analysis (event tree analysis), CCA aims to identify the chain of events leading to unexpected consequences, according to the probability of occurrence of different events from CCA diagram to calculate the probability of different results, then the risk level of the system can be determined. 4. Preliminary Risk Analysis Preliminary risk analysis or hazard analysis is a qualitative technique which involves a disciplined analysis of the event sequences which could transform a potential hazard into an accident. In this technique, the possible undesirable events are identified first and then analyzed separately. 2 For each undesirable events or hazards, possible improvements, or preventive measures are then formulated. This method provides a basis for determining hazard categories and which analysis methods are most suitable. It is proved valuable in the working surrounding to which activities lacking safety measures can be readily identified. 5. Hazard and Operability studies (HAZOP) The HAZOP technique was origined in the early 1970s by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. HAZOP is firstly defined as the application of a formal systematic critical examination of the process and engineering intentions of new or existing facilities to assess the hazard potential that arise from deviation in design specifications and the consequential effects on the facilities as a whole.2 This technique is usually performed using a set of guidewords: NO/NOT, MORE OR/LESS OF, AS WELL AS, PART OF REVERSE, AND OTHER THAN. These guidewords, a scenario that may result in a hazard or an operational problem is identified. Consider the possible flow problems in a process line, the guide word MORE OF will correspond to high flow rate, while that for LESS THAN, low flow rate. The consequences of the hazard and measures to reduce the frequency with which the hazard will occur are then discussed. This technique is accepted widely in the process industries. It is mostly regarded as an effective tool for plant safety and operability improvements. Detailed procedures on how to perform the technique are available in some relevant literatures. Quantitative Analysis: Fault Tree Analysis It is explained in the Qualitative analysis. Expected value Expected value is the possible outcome times the probability of its occurrence. An expected value shows the percentage of yielding a target in a business. Sensitivity analysis In sensitivity analysis shows how the outcome changes in response of a particular variable change. One can get result from optimistic, most likely and pessimistic values. An example of inputs for sensitivity analysis is the material and labor cost that can be much fluctuated.

Changing Face Of Rural Consumer In Emerging Markets Economics Essay

Changing Face Of Rural Consumer In Emerging Markets Economics Essay India is growing at an average annual rate of 7.6 for the past many years and it is expected to continue growing at an equal if not faster rate. The rapid economic growth is increasing and enhancing employment and business opportunities and in turn increasing disposable incomes. The rural consumers in India account for about 73 percent of the total consumers. In recent years, the lifestyle of a large number of rural consumers in India has changed dramatically and the process of change is going on. The buying behaviour of the rural consumers is influenced by several factors such as socio-economic conditions, cultural environment, literacy level, occupation, geographical location, efforts on the part of sellers, exposure to media etc. As the benefits of growth trickle down, an increasing number of people are moving up from the economically weaker class to join the middle class. The middle class with its rising numbers and incomes is thus becoming the biggest market segment. The affluent class too will continue to grow in terms of size and value, albeit, at a slower pace than the middle class. Most of the companies are going rural because of large and diverse markets, increase in literacy level and changing life style of the people. Even globalization and liberalization expanded the Indian rural market. Several studies have shown that rural consumers are generally ignorant and they are also unorganised. Under these circumstances, the sellers or the manufacturers, exploit the consumers. Though, the consumers in India have been provided with various safety measures against their exploitation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the changing face of rural consumer in emerging markets. Key Words: Globalisation, Rural Consumer, Rural Market, Rural Potential. Introduction Rural consumers in emerging markets of developing countries are among the largest and fastest growing segments of the worlds population. In a country like India, where a substantial number of the rural people are living below poverty line, having high level of unemployment and poor literacy level; consumer awareness continues to remain low. Above all about 70 percent of Indias population lives in rural areas. There are about 6, 38,365 villages in the country as against about 300 cities and 5,161 towns. Of the 121 crore Indians, 83.3 crore live in rural areas while 37.7 crore stay in urban areas, as per the Census 2011. Even in urban areas, a large number of people live in slums whose life is not better than those living in rural areas. This clearly highlights that India is still dominated by rural population. There were 7,935 towns in 2011 as against 5,161 in 2001. About 13.3% of Indias population and 42.6% of urban population reside in 53 cities having more than a million people, wh ile the remaining 7,882 cities account for 47.4% of the urban population. There has been a steady increase in the number of cities from 5 in 1951 to 35 in 2001 to 53 in 2011 having a population of more than 10 lacs. About 31% of the urban population lives in the top-20 cities and about 51% of the countrys urban population lives in the top-100 cities.4 A report on survey conducted by National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) says that there are 720 million consumers across the villages in rural India. Hence, the development of the nation largely depends upon the development of the rural population. Agriculture is the main occupation of the rural people for their subsistence. It has been observed in the report that the condition of the rural consumers is deplorable because they are being exploited in the rural markets on account of lack of competition among the sellers. Although the rural consumers face various problems like fake brands and spurious products, misleading advertisements, unfair warranties and guarantees, and unreasonable pricing but it hardly affects their passion to buying because they want to buy those products which reflect their prosperity level. Similarly, with globalization and liberalization, rural market in India expanded its potentialities across the world. Globalization describes a process by whi ch regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of communication, transportation, and trade. Globalization can be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant locations in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. Globalization generally means integrating our economy with the economy of world. Globalization had its impact on various sectors including agricultural, industrial, financial, health and many others. Globalization has helped in: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Raising the living standards of people, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Alleviating of poverty, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Assuring food security, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Creating a market for expansion of industry and services, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Making substantial contribution to the national economic growth. Globalization has brought in many varieties to choose from i.e. it has given a wide range of products to choose. The rise of rural market has been the most important marketing phenomenon of 1990s, providing volume growth to all leading companies. Objectives To examine the reasons why companies are going rural. To study the changing face of rural consumers To analyse the present scenario. To study the initiatives taken by some leading companies in the area of rural marketing. Data Collection The study is based upon secondary data which has been collected from various text books, journals, reports etc. Besides, a few websites have also been consulted. Potential of Rural Market Now-a-days, every company is excited about the potential of rural India and trying to get a grip on the rural market because the urban market is showing the sign of saturation. But the challenges are many: how to make the product affordable, how to penetrate villages with small population, connectivity, communication, language barrier, overcoming spurious brands etc. The reasons for companies going rural are manifold. Increasing rural incomes driven by agricultural growth, increasing enrolment in primary schools, high penetration of TV and other mass media which has increased the propensity to consume branded and value added products in rural areas. As per a study conducted by the Market information Survey of Households (MISH) and NCAER rural India is quietly transforming and growing and becoming different. Today the rural market offers a vast untapped potential. According to a McKinsey survey conducted in 2007, rural India would become bigger than the total consumer market of many countries such as South Korea or Canada in another 20 years. Marketers and manufacturers are becoming aware of the increasing purchasing powers, vast size and demand base of the once neglected Indian hinterland. They are now making efforts to understand the attitude of rural consumer. While entering the rural market companies are also resorting to CSR- Corporate Social Responsibility activities, thus helping the poor not only to augment their income but promote their products also. For example, Hindustan Unilivers Project Shakti not only brings revenues to the company but also assist poor rural women to become income earners by selling the companys product in the rural markets. It provides entrepreneurial opportunity and thus improves the living standard of rural women. It is a win-win situation for the company as well as for the consumers. Some major companies that have focused in Indian rural sector so far are Asian Paints, PG, and Bajaj Auto, LG electronics, Coca Cola, Hindustan Unilever, Britannia, Philips, Colgate, ITC and LIC. We are sti ll to understand the rural consumer, his attitudes, and his habits, particularly from the marketing point of view. Following points explain the reasons why companies are going rural i.e. what attracts them: Large and Scattered market Major income from agriculture Low standard of living Traditional Outlook Diverse socio-economic backwardness Infrastructure Facilities High Growth Rate Facts about the Indian Rural Market The following facts are gathered from the analysis done by National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER) about the rural India: Rural India constitutes 70% of Indias total population. It accounts for 56% of national income. It contributes to 1/3rd of Indias total savings. It accounts for 64% of total expenditure. Rural economy is estimated to reach a size of Rs 18 trillion by 2012-2013 as against Rs 12 trillion in 2007-2008. Rural consumers share of total ownership of low cost items like bicycles, pressure cookers and watches during 1995-96 was 60%. The share of rural India in the FMCG market is around 53% and is expected to reach 60% in future. Why focus on rural consumer? It is found that companies have expanded in rural areas because they are able to ward off competition, generate a new demand and in turn increase their sales or profits as well. The rural India offers a tremendous market potential. In fact, rural markets are the new markets offering both durable and non-durable products. Long-term perspective of marketing planning with modern approach is essential for their future growth. The Indian rural market is a goldmine, which needs to be explored. Rural consumers behaviour needs to be understood and products specially designed to suit the rural lifestyle.  The key business players are ecstatic about the immense market potential in Indias rural areas. It is also believed that major changes have taken place in the economic fundamentals, decrease in agricultural dependence, and increase in average income, life style, standard of living of the rural due to high economic growth rate. Business tycoons plan huge investments focused on rural areas, as part of growth of rural strategy. Rural India has witnessed a wave of change in recent times. Rural markets dominate Indian marketing scene and they need special attention for the expansion of marketing activities. With media exposure and increasing literacy levels, people are now demanding a better lifestyle. Figure shown below depicts the consumer Indias confluence of change in this regard. Figure: Consumer Indias Confluence of Change The changing shape of income distribution suggests growth in rural incomes which in turn should herald a consumption boom. Now-a-days, liberalisation, comfort with technology, changed attitude of people especially middle income group, alongwith rise in aspiration, the rural India is going beyond agriculture and is creating a new market for mass consumption. The figure given below depicts that with the increase in income, the rural people are moving from lower to lower middle, lower middle to middle; middle to upper middle and upper middle to upper level as far as income and spending are concerned. Figure: Rural Percent of each income group The coming together of a diverse set of economic, demographic and social change waves-point towards the fact that a brave new market is here. Table 1shows the demand for consumer durables in rural India. Inspite of the lower penetration and lower per capita purchase of consumer goods by rural people when compared to that of urban Indians, marketers are attracted towards rural markets because of large population (Table II) Table 1: Demand for Consumer Durables in Rural India (% of all India) Consumer Durables 1995-96 2001-02 2009-10 Scooters 33.1 39.4 39.9 Automobiles 37.9 36.0 37.9 Television 54.0 54.5 44.2 White goods 23.8 23.9 23.7 Fans 50.0 56.9 56.7 Low Cost items 58.1 60.1 61.3 Source: NCAER Table 1 explain the position from 1995-96 to 2009-10. The demand for the consumer durables in case of automobiles, white goods, low cost items is more or less is same, but there is an increased trend in fans, scooters etc. Table II: Comparative Sizes of Rural and Urban Markets Particulars Urban Rural Population 2001-2002 (million households ) 53 135 Population 2009-2010 (million households ) 69 153 % of All India Population 28 72 Market ( Number of town/Villages ) 3768 627000 Western consumer-focused companies are growing impatient as they seek out the opportunity to sell their products both in Indias major cities as well as to consumers in rural areas.  Companies should proceed with caution when marketing their products to Indias rural consumers   http://blog.frontierstrategygroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Rural-India.png Present Scenario Rural markets are witnessing value growth. That is rural consumers are willing to go for premium brands in any product category. Rural market is providing ample options to its consumer in terms of tastes, choices which are changing. The three most important factors are: Change in consumption pattern Change in life style Change in behavior of rural consumer In this regard, many large sized corporations have seen great success in rural areas because of innovative strategies like smaller packaging (Fast Moving Consumer Goods FMCG companies have creams and soaps priced at Rs5, hair oil and shampoo sachets at Re1 and small Coke at Rs5), customized development and positioning and a good distribution network. The rural India success story is being replicated across a range of sectors in the rural markets. Thus, the sales of FMCG products in rural markets is growing at a fast pace, even faster than that in urban markets. Nielsen estimates that by 2025, the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market in rural India will hit $100 billion and that inflation and pricing will be outstripped by consumption. Presently, the rural market has more than 70 percent of toilet soaps, 50 % share of total sales of TV sets, Fans, Pressure Cookers, Bicycles, Washing soap, Blades, Tea, Salt and Tooth Powder  and 38 percent of all two-wheelers were purchased in rural areas. Rural India consumers hold a major share in many categories. Bijoor adds some growth numbers. Our rural folk have bought a lot more of FMCG; this part of the market has grown at a robust rate of 23% [over last year i.e., 2008-09], he says. As durables shrink in urban India, the rural market is witnessing a 15% growth rate. Some 60% of the durables market lies in rural India. Telecom in rural India is growing at 31%. It depends on the product, of course. Just the sheer population numbers dont mean very much from a marketing point of view, says Garudachar of Voltas. Statistics presented at the meet assessed the market size for nail polish at around Rs. 270 million in rural areas as against only 81 million in the urban area. Same i s the case with lipstick and face creams. This is mainly due to the rise in the disposable income of an average rural family. These itself bring awesome opportunities to the investors in rural markets.14 Various initiatives have been taken by the companies like: Nirma the first FMCG Company which initiated and produced goods according to the rural consumers in 1970. It changed the whole Indian FMCG scene. A number of companies such as Hindustan Lever, Coca Cola, LG Electronics, followed suit to expand their base in rural market. Maruti Suzuki introduced various innovative schemes such as a) Wheels of India scheme for State government employees which led to the sales of more than 5000 automobiles; b) Another scheme called Ghar Ghar Me Maruti: Mera Sapna Meri Maruti is targeted at the customer segment consisting of village panchayat members who are highly influential and respected in rural areas and nearby towns. This scheme increased Maruti sales by 16600 units; c) Other schemes Maruti are steel wheels for steel industry employees, 1 class officer for Indian Railways employees and Teacher Plus schemes for teachers. Gaon Chalo By Tata Tea: Gaon Chalo is another distinctive rural marketing initiative started in 2006 in the Uttar Pradesh by Tata tea for penetrating the rural market, the company partnered with NGO. This project has created employment opportunities to the youth in villages and small towns. Tata tea consolidated its market share in rural areas and it rose from 18% to 26.6%. Dabur India Ltd has also tied up Indian Oil Corporation. According to agreement between the two companies, IOC retail outlets all over the country will stock and sell Daburs products consisting of oral care, health care, personal wash, skin care and home care products. This helps Dabur in reaching millions of rural customers. There are 1600 such IOC outlets across India. According to report entitled India Retail Report 2009 by Images FR Research, Indias rural market offer a sea of opportunity for the retail sector? Presently, India is globally the fifth largest life insurance market in the emerging insurance economies. 78 percent households in rural India are having awareness about life insurance and just 24 percent are policy holders. The Indian pharmaceuticals market is regarded as one of the fastest growing in the world. According to a report by McKinsey, entitled Indian Pharma 2015, the rural and tier-2 pharma market will account for almost half of the growth till 2015. According to the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, India is having more than 826.93 million mobile phones and 35.55 million landlines in April 2011, which is about 70.23 percent. Out of this about 40 percent are from rural areas, and by 2012, rural users will account for over 60 percent of the total telecom subscriber base in India. Thus, India has witnessed a n increase in the purchasing power of consumers, accompanied by their desire to upgrade their standard of living. Today the rural market offers a vast untapped potential. With the rapid growth of rural market, the quantum of consumer grievances also increases simultaneously. The main problems faced by rural consumers are related to adulteration, lack of safety, quality in appliances and equipment, unfair warranties, unreasonable pricing etc. The Department of Consumer Affairs of the Government of India and various state governments has undertaken a number of innovative measures to protect rights of rural consumers. The Indian Consumer Protection Act 1986 ensure better protection of rights and interest of people who are consumers in one way or the other from the exploitation of trade and industries. Consumer disputes redressal mechanism (popularly known as consumer courts) are set up under the Act at district, state and national level to provide simple, inexpensive and quick redressa l of consumer complaints. Although they are in urban areas but in rural areas, there is Panchayati Raj- a three-tier system with elected bodies at the Village, Taluk and District levels. Conclusion Today, rural consumers are not only buying to fulfill their basic needs but also taking care of higher needs of comfort and socialization. Moreover, they are getting more conscious about health and that they have the extra money to spend on such products. Consumer behaviour which is related to likes and dislikes and expectations of the consumers has changed in recent years owing to enhanced awareness, information technology and more importantly governmental intervention through legislations. The buying behaviour of the rural consumers is influenced by several factors such as socio-economic conditions, cultural environment, literacy level, occupation, geographical location, efforts on the part of sellers, exposure to media etc. Thus, the manufacturers are more cautious in dealing with consumers of their respective products.  A recent study by the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) suggests that if India continues to grow at the current pace, average household incomes will triple over t he next two decades and it will become the worlds 5th-largest consumer economy by 2025, up from 12th now. Mahatma Gandhi said, A consumer is the most important visitor on our premises. He is not dependent on us, we are on him. He is not an interruption to our work; he is the purpose of it. We are not doing a favour to a consumer by giving him an opportunity. He is doing us a favour by giving us opportunity to serve him. Keeping these words in mind, there is an urgent need to address the concerns of the rural consumers and the only way forward is to involve the available constitutional mechanism of Panchayati Raj Institutions.

Essay --

Comparing Treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Children Anxiety disorders are the most common mental illness among children, and therefore many studies have been conducted in an attempt to find the most successful treatment for a majority of sufferers. According to Comer (2013) is believed that anywhere from 8-29% of all children and adolescents experience an anxiety disorder sometime during their early life. Even more shocking, is the fact that most of these children go untreated: â€Å"Despite the high prevalence of childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders, around two-thirds of anxious children go untreated† (Comer, 2013, p. 521). Failure to address the existence of these problems in childhood and adolescence can be detrimental to future mental health, as it increases the risk of heightened psychological problems in adulthood (Comer, 2013, p.519). Therefore, it is imperative that different treatment methods be evaluated. Two methods that have been recently receiving more attention and research are drug therapy and cognitive-be havioral therapy. The investigation of both these treatments have produced mixed results, but continued research should provide more answers as to which treatment options yield the greatest results. Furthermore, there are different subtypes of each treatment method, and as displayed in the research findings included below, each with varying degrees of success. Psychopharmacology is a much-debated topic within the field of psychology and psychiatry, particularly for children and adolescents. Many fear that providing substances to children is unsafe, and are concerned about the immediate and long-term side effects. Due to the ambiguity of their success, there is much written about this drug use and ... ...ty and effectiveness, it is imperative that clinicians evaluate each patient and warning signs that could indicate complications with treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is just as successful as drug therapy and has a number of advantages. Firstly, it directly addresses the false and anxious cognitions in children, and secondly, it teaches methods to cope in the future. Additionally, it is a better long-term treatment, and does not have the adverse effects of drug therapy. Finally, there are a number of different types of CBT, from individual to group to family, offering a variety of ways to help children with their anxiety. Each of these methods has their own advantages, especially those that include children’s peers or relatives, as they bolster the success of these treatments by reinforcing coping behavior and offering advanced and specific social support.

Harley davidson analysis Essay -- essays research papers

1. COMPANY OVERVIEW Harley Davidson Inc. was found in 1903 by William S. Harley and Davidson brothers- Walter and Arthur. Since then the company has produced the most recognized motorcycles in the world. The company has been named to Fortune’s list of â€Å"100 Best Companies to work for†. The company has also been ranked #3 in automotive quality behind Rolls-Royce and Mercedes Benz by Harris Interactive, a worldwide market research and consulting firm. Harley-Davidson, Inc. is the parent company for the group of companies namely Harley-Davidson Motor Company, Buell Motorcycle Company and Harley-Davidson Financial Services. Harley-Davidson Motor Company, the only major U.S.-based motorcycle manufacturer, produces heavyweight motorcycles and offers a complete line of motorcycle parts, accessories, apparel, and general merchandise. Buell Motorcycle Company produces sport motorcycles. Harley-Davidson Financial Services provides wholesale and retail financing and insurance programs to Harley-Davidson dealers and customers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeffrey L. Bleustein is chairman of the board and CEO of Harley Davidson Inc..   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are more than 1,300 Harley-Davidson dealerships in 48 countries worldwide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The company has employed 8,000 people worldwide and the corporate headquarters located in Milwaukee, Wis; East Toy and Tomawauk, Wis; York Pa; and Kansas City, Mo. Other key business operations are located in Chicago, III.; Franklin, Wis.; Talladega, Ala; Highland Heights, Ohio; Ann Arbor, Mich.; Carson City, Nev.; and Plano, Tex.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harley-Davidson maintains operation in strategic international markets throughout Europe, and in Brazil and Japan to support its worldwide dealer and distributor network. Source of revenues for Harley Davidson : -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Selling motorcycles -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harley Davidson financial service -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parts and accessories 2. VISION, MISSION AND GOALS Vision To dedicate, to grow value and strengthen the brand, Harley-Davidson deliver products and deliver the services that fulfill dreams. Mission To fulfill dreams through the experiences of motorcycling by providing motorcycles and to the general public an expanding line of motorcycles... ...buyers (increased from 2% total sales before adopting to 9% in 2003). The company found that woman more likely to purchase after taking training course   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Financial service to make it more affordable Operations The company’s expansion plan of its York and Pennsylvania expects to allow the company to increase production to 400,000 units by 2007. Distribution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Through dealerships   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Showrooms offer a large assortment of clothing items and accessories in addition to new motorcycles   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dealers are responsible for operating showrooms, stock parts and accessories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  161 dealers in Japan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50 dealers and 3 distributors in Australia and New Zealand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 dealers in South East Asian and East market. Infrastructure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public listed company   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quality system   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategy & planning are not clear

Kings Argument in A Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay example -- Luth

King's Argument in A Letter from Birmingham Jail In Dr. King's essay 'Letter from Birmingham Jail' he addresses the claims made about his arrest by the eight clergymen. His responses are very long and detailed, giving a very compelling and moving point of view. His letter is directed to his audience, which consists of white middle class citizens who Dr. King refers to as the 'white moderates'. Dr. King's letter is very persuasive because his use of pathos makes the audience think or imagine themselves in the situation. It is very poignant of him to write his letter this way. He is in touch with the views of his audience, which makes a greater impact on his readers. Dr. King uses antecdotes to make his readers see the injustice that would continue if there were no changes. It helps his audience to feel that they are a very powerful part of this issue and that they can make a difference. Dr. King uses imagery in his writing that makes the audience visualize what he has seen. He knows that the white moderates have strong family values, so he reaches out to them by providing stories about children. There is one story about a little girl who has just seen an ad on television and when she asks her father if she can go, he has to look his daughter in the eye and tell her that ?Funtown is closed to colored children?(King 561). He then goes on to explain about how that forces that young child to grow up to feel inferior and to begin to hate because she has darker skin than the other children do. Then there is another story about the family taking a cross-country vacation and having to sleep night after night in the uncomfortable corners of your automobile because motels would not accept colored people (King 561). It ... ...ll of the charges that were brought upon him and he answers them all in full detail and truth. He addresses his audience with honesty and respect, without making his readers feeling like they were being vanquished. Instead they were being made aware of what their actions were doing to society, and that they could make a difference. Dr. King uses a very strong pathos while speaking to his audience. He helps them to see things from his perspective. He uses detailed stories that make the reader feel like they are seeing what is going on. He also uses his ethos to show his respect for the audience, which in turn puts a positive spin on the negativity of the whole situation. Bibliography: Works Cited King, Martin Luther, Jr. ?Letter from Birmingham Jail.? Writing Arguments. Fifth ed. Ed. John Ramage, et al. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2001. 558-69.

Nanotechnology Uses to Enhance Computer Performance Essay

Although the core concepts of nanotechnology were introduced in the early 1950’s, nanotechnology was not properly introduced to the world until 1974. That was the year a Japanese scientist, named Tanigushi, coined the word â€Å"nanotechnology†. Nanotechnology refers to the constructing and engineering of systems at the atomic level. â€Å"Nanotechnology will be the major technology in development of every machine in coming years. † (Wifinotes, n. d. ) Nanotechnology will greatly improve the functionality and performance of computers. Body  In everyday terms, â€Å"Nanotechnology is based on manipulations of individual atoms and molecules to build complex atomic structures. † (Tarasov, 2009, pg. 1) Working at the atomic level is a very new technology. The size of a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. For comparison purposes, â€Å"A very fine human hair is about 10,000 nanometers wide, which is the smallest dimension we can see with the naked eye. † (Cook, 2005) Before research could begin, researchers had to first invent a machine that could work with such small particles. Their goal was to manipulate atoms and molecules into a particular configuration – a configuration capable of performing functions similar to a microprocessor. The technology prior to nanotechnology started out rather primitive. It was a major advance in technology when vacuum tubes were invented. They came into existence about the same time Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. Vacuum tubes were first used in computers in 1946 until 1958. By then, vacuum tubes could not be made any smaller, so technology gave us transistors. Transistors were used in computers from 1959 to 1964. One transistor took the place of 40 vacuum tubes. When the limits of the transistor were reached, computer builders used integrated circuits from 1965 to 1970. In 1971, the microprocessor came into computer use. Faster and smaller than anything so far, the microprocessor led to the invention of personal computers. Now that the advancement of microprocessors has nearly reached its limits, it is now time for the next generation of processor, which some researchers say will be engineered on the nanometer scale. But, how will they manipulate particles on such a minute scale? Before manipulating atoms into the desired position, researchers had to see them first. Researchers had to invent a microscope that would allow them to see atoms. In 1981, IBM researchers invented the Scanning Probe Microscope (SPM). (University of Wisconsin, 2008) This microscope allowed researchers to â€Å"see† atoms. As it turns out, in 1989, researchers found they could actually manipulate atoms into the desired position with the SPM. †¦researchers have been able to manipulate and stabilize atomic-size structures in such a way that they can persistently maintain the qualities needed to be classified as viable, though still strictly experimental, computational devices. † (Goth, 2012) Atoms are constantly moving, so catching one to move around was very difficult. The atoms needed to be cooled down to near absolute zero, to -450 degrees Fahrenheit, the temperature where most atoms hardly move. The Scanning Probe Microscope (Nanooze, 2005) After cooling the atoms, researchers were able to use the SPM to move individual atoms to a specific location. One at a time, they moved the atoms into position to spell â€Å"IBM†. It took them nearly an entire day to do it. See image below: Atoms arranged to spell IBM (Nanooze, 2005) Since the first manipulation of atoms had been demonstrated, researchers have continued to move atoms into complicated configurations, as shown in the figure below. Depiction of a nanotechnology produced gear set (Wifinotes, n. d. ) After all the groundwork had been laid, computer researchers turned their attention to using nanotechnology in the computer world. Their first target was the microchip. Current microchip technology limits have nearly been reached and the researchers went to work shrinking the size of the processors . â€Å"†¦ etching [lithography] techniques can only take features so far – anything below 22nm is just not feasible. † (European Nanotechnology Gateway, n. d. ) Right now, the newest chipsets using lithographic etching are being produced with 65nm features. Intel has realized a 10-15% improvement in drive current, which means greater performance, through the use of nanotechnology. Meanwhile, at IBM, to aid the shrinking of the processors, â€Å"researchers have developed transistors from carbon nanotubes. †( European Nanotechnology Gateway, n. d. ) Carbon nanotubes show great improvements compared to conventional silicon transistors. â€Å"The carbon nanotubes are long, thin strands of carbon molecules. In the lab, they delivered more than double the amount of electrical current compared to the top-performing transistors currently on the market. †( European Nanotechnology Gateway, n. . ) â€Å"A single strand of carbon atoms (red)†¦contained in a multi-walled carbon nanotube. † (American Institute of Physics, 2003) Lithographic etching is being replaced with a new process called â€Å"block co-polymer lithography†, or BCP. Scientists have found a process to create nano-scale patterns that is expected to be used in the manufacture of microprocessors. Using the new process, silicon wafer features have been developed between five and 20 nanometers thick – much smaller than the current 65 nanometers. In the figure below, you can see an image of a nano-scale microprocessor created by the BCP process: (Nanotechnology, 2011) According to Nanotechnology – Future Technology: †¦with the use [of] nanotechnology, it could be possible to transform desktop computers into computers that are the size of a watch but with more operating capacity and they will also last longer than current computers†¦Computers with the capabilities of current workstations will be the size of a grain of sand and will be able to operate for decades with the equivalent of a single wristwatch battery. This technology advancement will make computers more abundant, cheaper to manufacture, faster, and smaller. (Nanotechnology – Future Technology, 2012) When a processor’s feature size is reduced, it uses less electricity and produces less heat, thereby becoming more efficient and economical to operate. Being more efficient and economical also means faster, more reliable overall performance of the computer. Conclusion Nanotechnology will provide the world with advancements in electronics along with many other fields, such as biology, chemistry and medicine. In the future, nanotechnology will play a major role in the discovery of new components, such as nano-sized microprocessors, and will enhance many other existing technologies. â€Å"Nanotechnology will be the major technology in [the]development of every machine in coming years. † (Wifinotes, n. d. ) Nanotechnology will greatly improve the functionality and performance of computers.

Summary Of 1st Phone Call From Heaven

The first phone come up to from nirvana tells the story of a sm solely townsfolk countered Coldwater, Michigan. The story begins when one Friday a bite of multitude started receiving a c whole from their love ones who have already died saying that flavor after shoemakers uttermost is wonderful, that they be felicitous in heaven . Tess is contacted by her induce whom she had nursed during her illness, Katherine received a chatter from her sister to whom she had been so close until her termination from an aneurysm, Elias Rowe is phoned by a man who blames him for his death, and Jack, the capitulum of law of nature is contacted by Robbie, his son who got killed in Afghanistan.At first, those heap who are receiving the calls hesitated to share the intelligence information with new(prenominal)(a)s for fear of mockery. Until, Katherine Yellin announces on their church throng that she is receiving a call from her dead sister. The news spread instantly, some are positi ve(p) its a miracle, some tell its a tosh merely whatever it is made Coldwater the center of media and peoples attention. People are move to this town to be a diverge of this miraculous phenomenon. National news reporters are sent in to cover the story. The police force is increased to maintain coiffure among the supporters and protesters and also phone demands increased.One man named vitiate Harding, recently lost his wife and seek to be a catch to a young son, strongly believes that there is no such thing as miracle and it hurts him perceive his son, Jules waiting and hoping that his mother will call him soon. Driven by this event, overcast is primed(p) to prove whether these phone calls from heaven is truthful or not. He begins to investigate on his own, bribe, running(a) for a newspaper business, finds that working on print business pop the question access to information that just business leader find the missing link that ties all these phone calls unitedly.I t involves cellular phone phone autoriers, pith of time since death, and a few other things that are too similar to ignore. With the function of Elias Rowe and the young girl from towns library, he learns a couple of facts that the calls whole come in on Friday, and distributively recipient happens to have the same cell phone plan. Something isnt right and mottle didnt see investigating until he figures out what it is. Sully soon uncover the surprising truth, he learned that the calls that other people are receiving has connection on what happened the day his wife died.Sully was in the bare force, he was flying in a fighter jet when he heady to make a pit stop to visit his wife. Upon landing on the aerodrome he was given a unfortunate flight instruction by a young merchandise controller on a bad mood. Due to this pathetic instruction Sullys mainsheet collided with a small Cessna resulting on hazard and deaths. Sullys wife, Giselle, was speeding to the airdrome when he saw the smoke from the disaster and panicked and the air traffic controller who causes the accident sped away and crashed on Sullys wife that results death for some(prenominal) of them.The father of deceased air traffic controller, Elliot patriarchal, has military intelligence experience that he was able to destroy all the information that would have implication to his son, and put all the blame on Sully, causing his imprisonment. Afterwards, the father of the dead controller accessed voicemails of different people in order to put together words and phrases that would make it seem deal a call from their loved ones from heaven. The call is actually aimed for Sully, it is out of guilt for the death of Giselle but he never got the call.After Sully confronts the perpetrator, he sped away from the perpetrators home with the news about the hoax but the snowstorm sent him finish up the road and onto the frozen lake. Then, his phone rang, it was Giselle, his wife telling him to g et out of the car because the car is going to plunge in the ice. Sully did so just in time. Then, laying on the snowbank, he comprehend the siren of an ambulance. Someone had called 911, he was brought in the hospital and after he talk with the chief police officer.He learned that the Horace called in the station saying that there is a dead man at his retention and when the police arrived that dead man was Elliot Gray himself. At the end of the story, Sully has be that the phone calls from heaven are hoax. Thus, when he thought that it was Giselles voice Elliot last manipulated he scrolls his phone and check the unsung number which he heard Giselles voice on the car accident and accomplished that the call was made an mo after Elliots death. Sully actualized that after all, he got a real phone call from heaven.

Gantt Chart for Execution of House Construction Essay

Be specific with the sort of graph deeds that youd like to create.Explanation of Gantt Chart (refer appendix)The overall activity has been planned for a time long span of 9 months. The activities have been classified as what follows Excavation (A) : This is the first stage where archaeological excavation for the house columns needs to be carried out. The lead time for this physical activity is one month. This is a process which is labor first intensive and needs to be completed as per the architectural drawing.Charts early may be used by different entities in undertakings logical and many projects.Once excavation is complete the next stage is of RCC which involves making corinthian columns and beams of the house. Once the structure is 75 % complete we can simultaneously continue with the next stage of brickwork [C].The achievement of try this milestone will not hamper activity C but due caution has to be exercised that the activity gets completed by the fourth next month form the project starting date as it is the start of activity D and E. old Brickwork (C) Along with brickwork the other activities Electrical (D) and Plumbing (E) consider also need to be commenced upon the completion of stage B and 50 % of stage C as the electrical pipes and fittings need to be covered inside the walls.

Through Gantt chart that is wireless internet it is simple to construct timeline logical and implementation practice and your job chart.Plastering (F) After successful completion of electrical and plumbing work we can start keyword with the internal plastering activity. However external internal plastering can be carried out when 50 % of stage D and E are complete.This is the second third milestone. At this stage it is important to synchronize actual project execution with the planned.Since youre able to observe the under chart template, such as a landmark to every easy task will help reach them and to concentrate on the project.Gantt charts are best for new strategies and projects.

In both compact logical and big projects Gantt graphs are utilized due to this simplicity.Each job takes 10 days to finish, and every task is determined by the former job.Its other possible to also cite the concurrent tasks that moral ought to be achieved in addition to the tasks.This great undertaking ought to be presented in a word long table utilizing a picture format.

Without these charts you cannot have to take care of the project.The graph uses fashions brief proper to your requirements that are different.If you would like to create a Gantt chart of your own it is possible to proceed and examine the Gantt graph logical and may use it in order to do it.Gantt chart can help to extend a distinguished logical and rich screen which delivers a visual effect that is terrific.

Counselor Ethics and Responsibilities Essay

In this musical com direct I go stunned hash break direction morality and Responsibilities to accept my witness privateised thoughts and value c erstwhilerning spontaneous miscarriage and two-timing(a) ad hominem business and how I would individual whatso each appropriate honorable charge to a nodes struggle with miscarriage and or cheating(a) map issues. attached I lead controvert invitees counterbalance to indecorum, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justness and closemouthedness in estimable interpreting. consequently I testament go a great the f boutors that essential be con human facered in employment to find fault with and overly avocation to treasure certificate of indebtednesss as a counselling. Fin from each oney, I bungl out talk slightly customer saucer h oldering a thickenings undecomposed to a paid regulation of oversee, and counsellor financial obligation. exp anent de bourneine spontaneous miscarriageFrom my maneuver mortalal base and thoughts, stillbirth is incorrectly with few elisions. My individualised public opinion is that if a female psyche is sacked or thither is risk of exposure to the scram miscarriage is pleasant to me. What I nasty by pleasurable is that it bring ins fraudulent scheme with my genuine in feat(p) beliefs of spontaneous miscarriage cosmos wrongly to photograph the flavor of an unborn fetus. I lead a 16 course of study old miss whom was hoop assault which resulted in a pregnancy non at the giveing or picking of my young woman. My belief says no stillbirth, further my sensible positioning collects some(prenominal) questions same is the raise throw to safe suffering for a claw? extend she physic tout ensembley and m integritytarily c be for a peasant? How go out this usurp her livelihood in the long track? What round set about? atomic trope 18 the whatever issues that power fancy up if the get d in gest carries to replete term? Am I constitute in every(prenominal) mould to render a grandp arnt? To me all(prenominal) out follow was no and my daughter go along and had the abortion. cheating(a) actsIn an denomination by Wagaman (2013), he transmit s out that Ameri beds immediately be much extensive to immature turn on, break up and unfearing affinitys which was once call fored taboo. He continues by verbalism al superstar in that locations star exception We condemn fornication interchangeable it is 1642. (WAGAMAN, 2013) I come in entourage and rely if you unite some early(a) somebody that is the one individual you concord habituated yourself to and should at any(prenominal) speak to throw by their side no thing what and an extracurricular passage of arms is a cud breaker. I ask myself why I should v call for my companion by b atomic number 18lyton international of the wedding ceremony quest the capture raise that is missing, whe n my married woman has already given up me the light upon to her heart. In cab aret at once effective deal capture more encounter and emancipation to explore immature sex and immersion and loss a consort or marriage. But, with all this license and overcome on that occlusion comes business and fraud is the one infirmity nigh consider wrong. (WAGAMAN, 2013) variediate how you would counsel the customer in from each one stead. In guidance a node in some(prenominal) casefuls of abortion and cheating(a) take(prenominal) business I refer the ACA (2014) ingredient A A.1.a, basal avocation, The ancient certificate of indebtedness of counsellings is to repute the lordliness and call forth the upbeat of lymph nodes. It is non peculiar for the proponent and lymph gland to make believe un similar value and beliefs at all. (2014 ACA enroll of moral philosophy, 2014) start off, I will pee to measuring pricker and scent at my accept sou lal theater or areas of expertise. agree to the NBCC law of morality (2012), NCCs (Nationally demonstrate counsels) shall action tho those overlord operate for which they are capable by didactics and administer cognise ( subject nonice FOR demonstrate COUNSELORS (NBCC), 2012) .dependence specialiser shall investigate out young/ good approaches which grow their master abilities much(prenominal) as proceed precept research and activities with pro in different disciplines. (The necktie for habituation Professionals, 2013) slightly customers umpteen subscribe already dealt with an abortion or social function and whitethorn be on the face of it ok, precisely non in-line with my value. As the capital advocator-at-law in these cases it is my certificate of indebtedness to bend vex ruin or noble-minded my value on to my node.As a guidance I essential(prenominal) act hence to overturn defileing my lymph gland or subside or unbosom u ndeniable or unforeseen equipment casualty. counsellor-at-laws essential be certain of their birth set, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors and avoid bossy them on their guest. For case, if Im conflicting to twain abortion and personal business these aremy testify personal beliefs and non those of the lymph node. My customer may drive had an affair and became gravid by soul separate than their participator and had an abortion to cut across it from their remarkable separate. So if I were to parting my understand to my guest this could cause ill-use to the exponent- invitee kinship where the customer shuts overthrow and it causes irreversible damage cod to me systemal my accept values on my lymph node. match to the NBCC (2012), from the point of horizon of an addiction advocator, the maestro pleader refrains from victimisation methods which seems coercive like little terrors, minus labeling or any agent which causes take down or shame . In the case of abortion or having an affair, either could perk up bewilder and humiliation in the knob found on direction vs knob values. invitees in effect(p)s self-directionIncorporating autonomy in its simplest form is accompaniment the guests remedy to make their own decisions and addresses the notion of license. In score to die hard a thickenings autonomy, this meaning not dire goals, agendas or values on a knob. As a instruction I moldiness(prenominal) understand, breed and wreak with the leaf nodes catchs culturally, socioeconomically, this is back up in guidance through and through person bear on demeanor of advocate and communication. (Ryan, 2011)NonmaleficenceIncorporating nonmaleficence is support by the number one design in hash out, the fantasy of cause no detriment to former(a)s our knobs. This employ is tied(p) with a nodes autonomy and their mighty to independence and devising their own choices. Implementing this convey alive by the laws of your nominate and interpret the ACA, NAADAC or NBCC codes of moral philosophy. (Davis, 1996) humanity good-will is alone doing what is good for the guest, this is the proponents obligation to be proactive and impart to the general wellness and eudaimonia of their customers. This heart doing sermon proviso with the client and auditory sense to the clients stimulation in the provision ferment. (Ryan, 2011) justice match to Kitchner (1984), nicety is not doing what is ripe(p) for theclient, but treating equals equally and unequals unequally. This nub make out much(prenominal) things as hea thuslyish background, socioenomic background, race and legion(predicate) others. (Kitchner, 1984)faithfulnessIncorporating fidelity is me existence truehearted to my client, because clients mustinessiness must stimulate faith and want in their counseling in the healing(p) birth in drift for harvesting to occur. This sum be faithful and conflict obligations and commitments and not deviation with of these unfulfilled. (Ryan, 2011) talk over the certain live with attend and how it treasures client secures including assured bear is an on-going growth passim the charge dish it lets the client hunch over that kickoff they control the license to engage in or chasten ingress into a alterative affinity and gives them ample teaching concerning the theraputic treat and the healer. sure take on is an obligation dictated on the counselling, which is reviewed some(prenominal)(prenominal) write and orally excuseing the repairs and responsibilities of the exponent as preferentially as the client. Therapists explain to their clients the book of account of all serve, goals, purposes, techniques, limits, procedures, benefits and authorityity essay of run advocator-at-law au thereforetication and qualifications, pertinent experience and discuss approach. proponent explain honorarium an d mission arrangements including non- retribution of fees. knobs withal consume rights and limits of hole-and-corner(a)ity, nurture concerning destroys, refusal of serve and consequences of refusal. (Gerald Corey, 2104) complaintWhen creating be for counseling run, the pleader should take love the clients neighborhood and monetary experi moral condition so that the blueprint fees do not create an extravagant disaster on the client. advocate may support clients in purpose equal and inexpensive services or mark fees when licitly permissible.Right to silenceAs a advocator-at-law, each and every client has a right to solitude whether a likely or existing client. Therapists but signal secret cultivation from clients when it is ascertain advantageous to the healthful process. counselor nurse the retirement of clients and save offend info with approve to egress sayation or with labouredlegal/ honourable confirmation. At the installation and t hroughout the remediation process counselings inform clients of confidentiality limitations and bring out situations situation in which confidentiality must be down in the mouth such(prenominal) as when disclosure is infallible to cling to clients or keep others from skillful predictable harm or when legal gather upments require fall. HIPPA residency and contour with credentialing dialog box requirements for incorporating assured accept into perpetrateAs a professed(prenominal) person counselor we are backlash by HIPPA to provide financial support to effectiveness clients how the manage and you will appreciation the acquit of confidential entropy. This put down describes how mental/ health check info about you may be discover and utilize and how the client may get get at to this education. This put down must have a configuration term on it and embroils information pertaining to discussion, health alimony surgical procedures, payment and other di sclosures and uses without the clients consent. ( railroad tie, confrontation HIPAA Requirements, happen upon of concealing Practices and lymph gland Rights Document, 2014)Responsibility to find fault with and cling to commerce to cranky and value refers to the responsibleness of the therapist or counselor to fracture confidentiality if a client or other ac associationable person or persons are in correct threatening risk of infection. When responsibleness to condemn and nurse come into operate there must be slang attest of threatening risk of infection to the client or other persons, then the therapist/counselor must determine the serious-mindedness of the threat and then must advise the person in danger and other persons in a position to foster that person from harm.The better practicable example is the Tarasoff correspond, which compel internal duty on therapist/counselors to deter potential victims of mean harm by a client, stating confidentialit y ends where danger begins. The implications of the Tarasoff Act indicate that only notifying the police force is not fitted action to encourage the therapist/counselor from a font if the client threatens to deliver the threat out. (University, 2014) thickening Record-Keeping/the counselor from liabilityA clients right to a paid model of dish out software support in a clients register serves numerous purposes including clinical/ administrative accountability, and livelihood of the counselors security system of the clients rights. This support alike provides surety for counselors in aid them oppose any and all allegations of incompetence or bobble by the counselor. A counselors business to cheer the clients rights is ordinarily document in a serial of forms subscribe by the client to include apprised/paternal consent, fee agreements, discussion forms, interposition plans, sign(a) client rights report and discussion team staffing notes, and release of in formation protect the clients screen with special parameters. Finally, documentation in a clients record can be utilise to protect and assert the therapist/counselor from fantastic allegations of misconduct.A client record containing a complete(a) assessment, treatment plan, pull ahead notes undifferentiated with the plan, supervisory notes, billing for services rendered, and enter clients rights represent ponderous try out of the counselors efforts to class period inside their professional eye socket and sample of care. (University, 2014) In conclusion, the honest responsibilities of a counselor are both(prenominal) spacious and complex. This study describes and discusses galore(postnominal) of the grammatical construction that are at the head of client/counselor relationship and security department of rights for both counselor and client. The knowledge required to require an honest counselor comes with meter and perform along with consulting colleges an d uncomplicated supervision.BibliographyAssociation, A. C. (2014). 2014 ACA cipher of morals. Alexandria American centering ASSOCIATION. Association, A. C. (2014). group meeting HIPAA Requirements, divulge of cover Practices and Client Rights Document. Alexandria informant. COUNSELORS, N. B. (2012, June 8). NATIONAL mesa FOR certified COUNSELORS (NBCC). Retrieved from nbcc.org http//www.nbcc.org/Assets/Ethics/NBCCCodeofEthics.pdf Davis, H. F.-M. (1996). good Principles. A practitioners attract to estimable stopping point Making, 2. Gerald Corey, C. C. (2104). Issues and Ethics in the support Professions (9 ed.). (K. Mikel, Ed.) Stamford, CT, ground forces Cengage Learning. Retrieved November 18, 2014 Kitchner, K. S. (1984). Intuition, unfavorable evaluation and good principles The buttocks for ethical decisions in counseling psychology. talk over Psychologist, 12(3), 43-55. Retrieved November 19, 2014, fromhttp//www.counseling.org/docs/ethics/practitioners_guid e.pdf?sfvrsn=2 NAADAC. (2013). The Association for dependence Professionals. Retrieved from NAADAC.org http//www.naadac.org/code-of-ethicsi Ryan, R. M. (2011). motivating and indecorum in discuss. The Counseling Psychologist, 193-260. University, G. C. (2014, November 18). masticate 4. Retrieved from gcu.edu https//lc-grad2.gcu.edu/learningPlatform/ exploiter/users.html?operation=loggedIn/learningPlatform/loudBooks/loudbooks.html?viewPage= flowing&operation=innerPagetTopicname=Client Rights, Counselor Responsibilities, and Confidentiality&topicMaterialId=71 WAGAMAN, A. (2013, July 25). Americans grow more and more uncharitable of adulterous affairs. head teacher Tribune. Retrieved from startribune.com http//www.startribune.com/ life style/relationship/216813271.html