Social psychologist Amy Cuddy talked about

As physical delivery she is perfect. Her appearance is good. Her dress is not too much fancy. This is good thing because if it was fancy it distracts easily people attention. Even it is hard to check from camera, her eye- contact seems good. Seems like, she watch every part of the hall. As seen she is moving a little bit to maintain attention. Since we are talking about a person who is talking about body language, there is no need to talk about her gestures and posture. As expected, she shows that listen to me I know what I am talking about.Her vocal livery is good. Even if she is not singer her volume is good and she is controlling her volume perfectly. Also, her speech Is fluency even if there are some tongue slips such as when she is saying beautiful at the start. In general, her speech delivery Is perfect. Let's move on to the audio-visual aids. At her speech she Is showing one video, lot of photos and some graphics. As known visual aids Increase the audience's understanding. Vid eo, photos and graphics which are used In speech are relevant to topic and also her sign posts are good.Sometimes she Is showing Just a sentence. In order word, she Is emphasizing the Important points. In addition, between two slides projector Is using as a helper. What I mean Is that while she Is not using the projector, her camera Image Is shown so people who are sit behind can see her easily. This Is very good strategy. Generally, her audio-visual aids are good. Finally, let's move on her attention-getting techniques. As seen at start, she Is activating the audience's Imagination. Therefore, she starts her speech with good attention.There Is one point that I am not sure about It. At close of the end, when she Is giving an example one of her students she Is getting emotional and spread this emotion to the people. Actually It Is a very good attention technique. I am not sure It was prepared or Just occurred because we are talking about a person who Is Glenn a message â€Å"fake It TTL become It†. Even If It was prepared It Is very good tactic. Too sum up, she Is know what talk about. Her delivery, visual-aids and attention- getting technique Is very good.If you curious about body language I suggest this beech. Social psychologist Amy Cuddy talked about By carmaker her volume perfectly. Also, her speech is fluency even if there are some tongue slips such as when she is saying beautiful at the start. In general, her speech delivery is Let's move on to the audio-visual aids. At her speech she is showing one video, lot of photos and some graphics. As known visual aids increase the audience's understanding. Video, photos and graphics which are used in speech are relevant to topic and also her sign posts are good.Sometimes she is showing Just a sentence. In order word, she is emphasizing the important points. In addition, between two slides projector is using as a helper. What I mean is that while she is not using the projector, her camera image is shown so people who are sit behind can see her easily. This is very good strategy. Generally, her audio-visual aids are good. Finally, let's move on her attention-getting techniques. As seen at start, she is activating the audience's imagination. Therefore, she starts her speech with good attention.There is one point that I am not sure about it. At close of the end, when she is giving an example one of her students she is getting emotional and spread this emotion to the people. Actually it is a very good attention technique. I am not sure it was prepared or Just occurred because we are talking about a person who is giving a message â€Å"fake it till become it†. Even if it was prepared it is very good tactic. Too sum up, she is know what talk about. Her delivery, visual-aids and attention- getting technique is very good. If you curious about body language I suggest this

How Social Media has a bad effect on Society

As we approach 2014 social media has been very advantageous communicating tool for people of all ages to use. However behind closed doors social media is strangling the life out of the younger generation. Now of course I do not mean this literally, and in many ways sites like Facebook and Twitter promote to teenagers about making friends and widening their friend circles which is excellent-in theory.This has in my opinion got out of hand and scientists have been able to come up new psychological evidence that shows that teenagers have increased aggression in their moods and lack of empathy which increases the possibility of schizophrenia and depression. Most teenagers I talk to say that they can’t imagine a world without social media and an astounding 96% of people have at one point signed up to one of these sites. The newly discovered FoMo syndrome has come hand in hand with the social media craze, which is the Fear of Missing out.This syndrome means that people are glued ont o their social media sites constantly refreshing the pages because they are so afraid of missing out on something important or interesting. Arguably the biggest problem with Social Media is Cyberbullying. This is not your average school bullying in the sense it can be controlled by people, on social networking sites bullies don’t get told off by anyone or restricted by anyone and can continue as they see fit. Another difficulty with online bullying is that the attacker can hide behind their computer and are shadowed by this.A lot of people would not have the courage to say things in person to one another but on Facebook people seem to be more outgoing and some completely have a change of personality and become a lot more confident. Ask. fm over the last year has been linked to 9 cyberbullying evoked suicides and has been the centre of many petitions about the site being taken down. On this site people can anonymously ask questions to the user for them to be answered and poste d, which seems innocent and funny. Disgusting, vile teenagers have been abusing users on Ask. fm anonymously though and this is what has driven 9 people to take their own lives.Personally I believe that this site should be taken down immediately and save users from the torment of faceless bullies. ‘Sexting’ is another online craze at the moment throughout Social Networking. This is when two people engage in a sexually explicit conversation or send sexually explicit photos via Facebook or a new phenomenon Snapchat. Immature teens do not know the risks of this however and do not realise that as a result of their actions a message or photo could fall into the wrong hands and could jeopardise the reputation or perhaps the future of the individual.Stalkers and predators are known to be highly common on Social Networking sites as it is an easy way to search and track anybody in the world. To add to all these valid points comes possibly one of the most appreciated of all which is time; Social Networking for me and for millions of teenagers all over the world one of the biggest time wasters in modern day society. For example whilst revising for a test I will dedicate the night before to learn, whilst in absolute concentration though a ‘PING’ will sound from my phone resting nest to me and I unavoidably check to see what it was.Half an hour later I think to myself ‘Oh My God, I’ve wasted the whole of prep. ’ Events like these happen daily. On the other hand along with all this negativity social media sites like Facebook, Instagram and twitter show that people are brought together and that these sites are there for old friends to reunite and catch-up via private message. In conclusion, Social Networking sites are meant for all kinds of social behaviour essentially but in my opinion it has definitely become out of hand and I can only see these problems getting worse and worse. How Social Media has a bad effect on Society As we approach 2014 social media has been very advantageous communicating tool for people of all ages to use. However behind closed doors social media is strangling the life out of the younger generation. Now of course I do not mean this literally, and in many ways sites like Facebook and Twitter promote to teenagers about making friends and widening their friend circles which is excellent-in theory.This has in my opinion got out of hand and scientists have been able to come up new psychological evidence that shows that teenagers have increased aggression in their moods and lack of empathy which increases the possibility of schizophrenia and depression. Most teenagers I talk to say that they can’t imagine a world without social media and an astounding 96% of people have at one point signed up to one of these sites. The newly discovered FoMo syndrome has come hand in hand with the social media craze, which is the Fear of Missing out.This syndrome means that people are glued ont o their social media sites constantly refreshing the pages because they are so afraid of missing out on something important or interesting. Arguably the biggest problem with Social Media is Cyberbullying. This is not your average school bullying in the sense it can be controlled by people, on social networking sites bullies don’t get told off by anyone or restricted by anyone and can continue as they see fit. Another difficulty with online bullying is that the attacker can hide behind their computer and are shadowed by this.A lot of people would not have the courage to say things in person to one another but on Facebook people seem to be more outgoing and some completely have a change of personality and become a lot more confident. Ask. fm over the last year has been linked to 9 cyberbullying evoked suicides and has been the centre of many petitions about the site being taken down. On this site people can anonymously ask questions to the user for them to be answered and poste d, which seems innocent and funny. Disgusting, vile teenagers have been abusing users on Ask. fm anonymously though and this is what has driven 9 people to take their own lives.Personally I believe that this site should be taken down immediately and save users from the torment of faceless bullies. ‘Sexting’ is another online craze at the moment throughout Social Networking. This is when two people engage in a sexually explicit conversation or send sexually explicit photos via Facebook or a new phenomenon Snapchat. Immature teens do not know the risks of this however and do not realise that as a result of their actions a message or photo could fall into the wrong hands and could jeopardise the reputation or perhaps the future of the individual.Stalkers and predators are known to be highly common on Social Networking sites as it is an easy way to search and track anybody in the world. To add to all these valid points comes possibly one of the most appreciated of all which is time; Social Networking for me and for millions of teenagers all over the world one of the biggest time wasters in modern day society. For example whilst revising for a test I will dedicate the night before to learn, whilst in absolute concentration though a ‘PING’ will sound from my phone resting nest to me and I unavoidably check to see what it was.Half an hour later I think to myself ‘Oh My God, I’ve wasted the whole of prep. ’ Events like these happen daily. On the other hand along with all this negativity social media sites like Facebook, Instagram and twitter show that people are brought together and that these sites are there for old friends to reunite and catch-up via private message. In conclusion, Social Networking sites are meant for all kinds of social behaviour essentially but in my opinion it has definitely become out of hand and I can only see these problems getting worse and worse.

Aristotle Alchohol Abuse

An ethical issue that is debated in our society is the concern of driving while intoxicated.   Although this was naturally not the case during Aristotles time, many of his ethical beliefs can be applied to refute this dilemma.   I will prove the standing issue to be unethical through Aristotles discussion of virtue and his concept of voluntary/involuntary actions in the Nicomachean Ethics. Plagiarism Detection >Aristotle believed that of the virtues learned in our youth, each has a respective excess and deficiency.   The virtue is the mean (or midpoint) of the excess and deficiency.   The mean can be thought of as just right, and the extremities can be labeled as vices.   The mean should not be thought of as the geometric middle of the two vices- it varies between the vices, depending on the person.   Aristotle believed that the mean and the vices are within our control and of the two extremes (vices) we should choose the less erroneous.   It is not always easy to choose the less erroneous of the two.   For example, Bill decides he wants to drink this Friday night, but he has to drive himself home.   His choice of how much to drink lies between two vices: sobriety and drunkenness.   Although neither may be his intention for the evening, it is obvious that the less erroneous of the two is sobriety.   So much, then, makes it plain that the intermediate state is in all things to be praised, but that we must incline sometimes towards the excess, sometimes towards the deficiency; for so shall we most easily hit the mean and what is right   (Aristotle 387).Aristotle defines virtue (also known as excellence) of humankind as living in accordance with reason in the best kind of way.   Simply put, doing what is characteristic of a thing to do.   He argues that our reasoning, which is the foundation for our virtues, derives from habit and not from nature.Neither by nature, then, nor contrary to nature do excellences arise in us; rather w e are adapted by nature to receive them, and are made perfect by habit.   Again, of all the things that come to us by nature we first acquire the potentiality and later exhibit the activity(Aristotle 376)    Hence, all of the virtues that we believe are what we practice.   The point in mind is that all of our morals are instilled in us through the process of learning.   What we see others (whether adults, teachers, etc.) practice when we are children has a direct bearing on our thoughts and opinions.   We simply practice these thoughts and opinions in our day to day lives.   Thus, in one word, states arise out of like activities (Aristotle 377).   This may be the case with a child who is reared in an alcohol abusive family.   Say the childs father frequently drove while intoxicated and the child was lead to believe that this was okay.   Although this does not make it ethical, or lawful for that matter, for the child to drive drunk, it simply may have been a rea son why.   It makes no small difference, then, whether we form habits of one kind or of another from our very youth; it makes a very great difference, or rather all the difference   (Aristotle 377).   Although this may be the reason why in this situation, it does not justify the learned activity; this is the rationale of Aristotle.   Aristotle believed that although our actions are the results of our learning, virtue still involves rational choice.   He is saying that if we have not been taught what is the moral excellence (the midpoint of the two vices), of a particular action or behavior, we still have the ability to attain excellence through choice.   If a drunk driver chooses to continue driving drunk (the vice), he will never attain moral excellence.Aristotle believed that practicing virtue leads to a virtuous circle, in which the more you abstain from a vice, the easier it becomes to abstain.   Eventually, performing virtuous activities becomes habit.   Thi s again can be related to the topic at hand.   If an alcoholic (I am not assuming a person is an alcoholic simply because of driving drunk) decides to quit drinking, the first few months may be hard to cope with since the alcohol was the former solution to a problem.   As time goes on, alcohol is less and less thought of and has become easier to abstain from.   Sometimes there is not a mean for an action or passion because its name already implies its badness.   This is the case with drunk driving.   There is no moderate way to drive drunk, its name implies that it is an extremity.   By reason of being an extremity, Aristotle would condemn drunk driving:   It is not possible, then, ever to be right with regard to them (the extremities); one must always be wrong   (Aristotle 383).Further illustrating belief that driving drunk is not virtuous, Aristotle discusses the concept that in the case of drunkenness, an individual chooses the actions which affect his state of consciousness.   The choice to drink alcohol is voluntary because it involves reason and thought.   Therefore, virtue, and the vices of this virtue are within our power.   While our actions are labeled as voluntary, the outcomes can either be involuntary or non-voluntary.   Involuntary actions involve regret for actions done out of ignorance, while non-voluntary actions do not involve regret for actions done out of ignorance. Plagiarism Detection >Indeed, we punish a man for his very ignorance, if he is thought responsible for the ignorance, as then penalties are doubled in the case of drunkenness; for the moving principle is in the man himself, since he had the power of not getting drunk and his getting drunk was the cause of his ignorance.   (Aristotle 396)    If a man is knowing of what he does when he is sober, the very state of drunkenness makes him unjust (in respect to virtue) since he is ignorant in this state and he has voluntarily brought himself to drink .   Thus, if a man knowingly acts in a way that will result in his becoming unjust, he must be said to be voluntarily unjust   (Aristotle 396).Alcohol abuse is not debated in our society-we know it is wrong, yet this does not seem to stop our actions.   Aristotles view of alcohol abuse in the fourth century BC is the same as the outlook of the modern world but todays technological advancements have drastically increased the dangers of abuse.   Driving while intoxicated is a deep concern that is not taken lightly.   I have discussed why his ethical system proves that this is wrong, even though we know it is wrong.   The point in mind is that the problem will never cease to exist, we can only derive solutions and/or repercussions to deal with it.    Bibliography      Aristotle, A New Aristotle Reader.   Trans. J.L. Ackrill.   Princeton:   Princeton University    Press, 1989.

Southeast Asia's cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Southeast Asia's cultures - Essay Example Akha: Akhas are mainly found in Northern Burma, North Western Laos and Northern Thailand. They are believed to have originated in Tibet and Southern China. Their headdress is the distinguishing symbol for their tribe. They rear livestock. Hmong: With male dominated families and with distinguished styles and colors of clothing, this community is found scattered around China, Laos, Vietnam and Thailand. They wander and practice shifting cultivation. Rice, corn, and vegetables are cultivated. The Shaman and the priest are very important. Lisu: They come from Southern China. Their culture is closely related to that of China. They too believe in the spirits and celebrate New Year making offering to ancestor spirits and guardian spirits. Lahu: They are spread around Laos, Burma and Thailand. They have migrated from Tibet. They practice hunting and even the name means hunter. Their men disappear into the woods for days together to hunt. They are a common family taking into consideration all the villages together. If any person is not particularly pleased with the rules of one village he just moves to another. Yao: The Yao celebrate the New Year along with the Chinese. Their language is also Chinese. They speak the Mandarin language, and some are found in the Guanxi, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces of China. In the Southeast Asia, they are found in Laos, Vietnam, Burma and Thailand. Their women are skilled at needle work. The men are silversmiths. The main religions of the countries of Southeast Asia are Buddhism, Islam and Roman Catholic Christians. There are also other religions like Animism, Protestant Christianity and Taoism. Some sections of the countries are non-religious also. In countries of Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam Buddhism and its other forms like Theravada Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhism forms the majority. The different Muslim sects like the

What is the nature of the relationship between sport and health Essay

What is the nature of the relationship between sport and health - Essay Example The idea is that various factors within human control, contribute to developments of health problems. However, they have an option of controlling or preventing the diseases developments in their bodies, through means of exercise to remain healthy. Brisk walking is an easy exercise, only costing one’s time, but no dependence on gym machines, and if regularly practiced, it becomes a beneficial hobby. According to Haber, the brisk (quick) walk is described as covering 3 miles in an hour, often twice the normal pace (2010, p. 157). Other health systems recommend 3to 5 miles, a pace that can burn calories and fats, raising one’s heartbeat and assist to achieve cardiovascular benefits. During financial Struggles: At times people are under financial constraints to enrol in gyms or other quality programs. Brisk walking is cheap as it avoids causing financial strain on an excising individual. The exercise is cost effective, resulting to little or no cost association, and this makes most individuals qualify to take part, considering their financial hardships (PCAL and DECCW, 2011, p.6). At times, acquiring gym equipment indoors is too expensive, and the available money would rather be channelled to other needs. A family or individual does not have an excuse for failing to engage in exercises, while there is an available option. Large families can escape paying for gym programs, instead they can get to keep the money and moreover make brisk walk a routine. If taken seriously, the children should be brought up appreciating brisk walk as a sport; the benefit would be realized in the long run, through the health in the families and prevention of future expenses due to hea lth problems. For the kids, it becomes fun and not a chore, they do it frequently and as they grow up their bones and muscles become strong (nhs.uk, 2013). The exercise can be done alone or even as a group,

Analyzing Change - Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyzing Change - Business - Essay Example their environment; climate change; enemies; changes in friendly trading partners; and the societys political, economic and social responses to these shifts. (Diamond, 2005) The collapse of the Yucatan Empire included decline in economic and political aspects of the nation. Initially this empire was considered as New World’s most advanced civilization before Columbus discovery of America. The government organization of rulers and kings were overthrown, masses of lands became unused and barren while an estimated ninety percent of the citizens vanished. This occurred around 2,500 years ago. The main reason attributed to this failure of the Yucatan Empire was the environmental degradation caused by the activities of the people in the tribes. They overused and abused the forests which led to land erosion and lack of water supply. Scarcity of food during their time was a result of their harshness to the environment. Since there was little food and water, men fought over the remaining amounts of resources which even caused wars for survival. Japan, Tonga, Tikopia, the New Guinea Highlands and Central and Northwest Europe were among the countries that were able to preserve the richness of their culture throughout the years. This time, the environment was used to their advantage unlike the fate of the Yucatan Empire which was destroyed due to the adverse effects of their abuse of their natural resources. The reason for their survival is due to their ability to adapt to the needs of their environment. Japan, during the 1600s, also experienced deforestation but they were able to address the problem by reducing their consumption of wood and by planting more trees that the future generations can use. Japan was able to stand on its own for they had the capacity to sustain the basic needs of their people such as the peasants without the help of other nations since they had closed- door policy then. Iceland had to experience the same environmental concerns with the Yucatan

A Report on Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Report on Politics - Essay Example Body (The speech) There are different connotations that are in the word motivation. You cannot expect that Things are going to occur for you just by chance. In fact, the world we live in requires some initiative. The more problems we get, the more complacent we become (Jouzel.et al,.1987). There is no way that this is a good thing. First of all, we inherited a good-to-do world from our parents. It is our obligation to make sure that the world we live behind is better than what we found. All of us have an inner belief. We are very convinced of a cause that is far greater than ourselves. God withstanding, the world expects wonders out of us. It is difficult already to live in the present world, but imagine how it will be in years to come. Yes, our forefathers inherited a world in which life was not as hard. But it is in our capacity to make sure that at least our children will understand the dynamics of this world. We undoubtedly belong to the same class. Every one of us is expected to depart this world at some point. It is therefore fundamental that we make sure that the world we leave behind is better than we found it. Looking at things from a critical perspective, the world as we know it is slowly disappearing. The politics of the day are about segregation more than anything. Africa has become the stage for ethnic conflicts. There, people turn against each other without the benefit of food, basic shelter and freedom as we know it. Additionally, the Middle East has become the epitome of hatred for anything American. The Chinese are gaining more power by the day. And just by their numbers, they threaten taking over the world. Undoubtedly, these are grave matters to those that care but exquisitely, the most threatening thing to the existence of man as God intended him is the effect that carbon has had on our environment (Delmas, Ascencio & Legrand, 1980). Have you stopped to ask yourself what your effect on the world is? Have you asked what your children will thi nk of you once they realize that you had the chance to stop their world from disappearing? (Lorius et al, 1985). Do you sleep at night with your conscience clear knowing that the car you drive or the cows you rear might be the precedence to a holocaust, the disappearance of the human being himself? Is it prudent for you to walk around minding your own things whereas the world is slowly disappearing? What is your government doing? You know, when I was young, we did not mind much about what we were doing. The world was not under a fine toothcomb as it is today. The data was simply not as in abundance as it is today. We did not have much to worry about in the most simplistic way that you may fathom. Are we justified now to assume that we do not have the power to influence our very existence? Do we have the right to carry on as f nothing major is happening? Did God design this? These are strong sentiments, but rather than just simple tag along, we must choose to act. We must see what is in front of our eyes. We must realize that our existence was not by chance but rather a design that was made by the most high. What is our problem? There are hybrid vehicles. Must we continue using the fuel that we do simply because these cost a whole lot than our normal cars? I will not say that the human race ought to take more action simply because my saying it will insinuate that they do not have the p

A Response to R.A.V v City of St. Paul Case Study

A Response to R.A.V v City of St. Paul - Case Study Example The court case of R.A.V v. city of St. Paul would have revised the definition of the hate speech guided by the provisions of the First Amendment. The court should have convicted the white teenager based on the injury caused by burning a cross in front of a black family’s residence. The act was injurious in nature based on Butler’s argument that any speech or act with elements that imply hate or racism should be prosecuted. The cross was the fighting symbol that the plaintiff used to arouse anger and resentment to the black family. The misdemeanor caused by the white teenager would have been by the trial court for prosecution instead of dismissing the charge. Butler is convinced that the act of cross burning amounts to hate speech and should not be protected by the constitution. Additionally, the decision by the court to include the provisions of the First Amendment to dismiss the case was irrelevant. The Minnesota court would have ruled in favor of the City of St. Paul instead of dismissing the destructiveness of cross burning (Butler, 2013). The court ruling can be used by racists to conduct heinous act against other community guided by the protection of speech in the constitution. The court decision would have been based on the historical accounts that relate to cross-burning. The act has been used before to carry out racist attacks black families in the United States. Butler established that the court was wrong because it failed to consider past cases of cross burning. She felt that the act itself contained a threat that could be prosecuted in court. Butler felt that the constitution should have included cross burning in the list of fires (Butler, 2013). The court ruling would have prosecuted the teenager based on the definition of fire in RAV v. St. Paul case. The ruling would pave the way for amendments in the way the constitution protects citizens’ free speech.  Ã‚  

Ethics In Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics In Business - Assignment Example Government safety regulations have both a positive and a negative side. As for the former, the safety regulations offer due protection to the customer. Once manufacturers desire to have their goods consumed by a certain set of consumers, the said goods must pass through certain verifiable safety standards that are meant to ensure that the end user is at no risk, however, from the consummation of such goods. will be an essential thing to the customer. The process of passing the goods through all the desired standards may prove expensive to the manufacturers. This is mainly because of the extent of inspection required by the authorities. In terms of safety, I would argue that business is meeting its requirements and expectations of the clients. The strict legal measures enacted to protect the consumer have really assisted in maintaining strict safety procedures, according to me. In terms of quality, pricing and labeling and packaging, there are businesses (most) that do not meet this s tandard. The main reason for this, perhaps, is the strict competition that is forcing marketers to apply all necessary mechanisms to ensure the goods are purchased. Today, advertising is not positive and socially desirable due to the gross deceptive techniques that are applied to it. Many advertisements have grown to be ambiguous, use extensively concealed facts, are exaggerated and tend to appease people psychologically. The end result is the bias that tends to deny the consumer the necessary truth while purchasing a product.

Body Piercings Essay Example for Free

Body Piercings Essay In this ever fast and changing world, body piercings are evolving quickly. We see more people wearing body jewelry. The question is how did they make their decisions? Did they do the research and look at the risks associated with it? Do they know what the piercings symbolize? Or where they are from? Where they pressured into piercings? Do they know exactly what they want in their lives? The decision of body piercing depends on how one was brought up or if one was peer pressured in to it. Body piercing is a decision that one person makes on their own based on ones beliefs, and feelings as well as cultural differences. There are many facial body piercings that can be worn, and many that have been used throughout history. The nose piercing is the most popular of the piercings historically. Tongue piercings are now commonly seen everyday. â€Å"It is originally said to be a Ritual form by ancient Aztecs, Mayas of Central America and the Haida Tribes.† (1998)(Morrison, C) Ear Piercing was common among many cultures throughout history. Ear Piercing is the most common piercing performed in America, and the one society accepts the most. The first recorded body found with ear piercings was said to be over five thousand years old and it was found in Austria. During different periods of time, it was common for men to wear fashionable earrings, for instance William Shakespeare wore elaborate earrings for more attention. The labret piercing is also something that is performed on many people. This is the piercing that is below the lip and above the chin. The eyebrow piercing is also something that was used in India as well. One of the most popular piercing with teens is the navel piercing. The navel piercing became a big fad in 1953 when the bikini was invented. The Nipple piercings is something that has been around for many years. Both men and woman have participated in having their nipples pierced. Nipple piercings dates back to the times of, Roman Centurions who had their nipples pierced for the armor that they wore. Many cultures have used nipple piercings as well, in Paris many women had their nipples pierced because it is said to make them larger, and more sensitive. There are many kinds of body piercings particularly set for both women and men, some piercings can better ones love life. The genitals piercings are a part of the body that gets pierced and is a growing in trend. The most common male genital piercing would be the Prince Albert Piercing; this particular piercing was named after Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria of England. This piercing was created because Prince Albert’s pants were to snug in the groin area so they created a hook per say for the piercing to be connected to as to keep from having an unsightly bulge in the pants. This particular piercing can also increased sexual stimulation for both men and women. There are many several other male genital piercings, most are very similar. Fraendulum, foreskin, palange, and apadrauya, guiche, and hafada are all other male genital piercings. The piercing that women can get would be called the Clitoris hood, this piercing is said to increase sexual stimulation. There are many important things to think about when deciding to get ones body pierced. Where is one going to get it? Is it important to go to a licensed professional? What would the risk be if deciding on having a friend do it? There are many other factors to consider when one decides on getting ones body pierced. Dose one think that getting ones labret or nose pierced might interfere with ones career goals? Or as a parent would one want his/her children to grow up thinking it was alright? Some people also stop to think about what it is going to do to their body, and how it will affect them when they get older. Making the decision is important for one to make based on the facts, not from the opinions of others. There are many religious views when it comes to body piercing and each one is a little different. The views in the Bible about body piercings are very interesting to many people. The Bible Speaks of many different things throughout its scriptures. I found a few interesting scriptures in my research I felt were important to include. â€Å"Ye shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor print any marks upon you: I am the Lord.† (1998) (Miller, B) that particular scripture was found in 19:28 Leviticus. The Bible also speaks about self mutilation being against the fifth commandment. The fifth commandment is based on the Catholic views. Religion is something that many people should think about when deciding on getting their body pierced. Taking care of ones piercing is very important. Piercings are considered open wounds until they fully heal, and healing can take a lengthy amount of time depending on the particular piercing. Healing time differs for many of the piercings available; however there are many things that a person can do to prevent one from getting an infection. Practicing good hygiene is a must; this is something that everyone should practice every day. There are some things that one should not do after getting a new piercing. Avoid contact between anyone else’s open wounds or body fluids around the pierced area. Smoking can be a problem if one decided to get an oral piercing. Cleaning a piercing several times a day is always essential to keep it from getting infected. Infections can be very painful and could cause one to have to remove the piercing as well. There are many risks associated with body piercings; one could possibly have an allergic reaction to particular metals which most body jewelry is made from. When one gets initial body jewelry it is almost always going to be a metal jewelry. Infection is a huge risk that can cause one to have to remove the piercing in order to get the infection out. People can get a viral infection from the misuse of body piercing tools. Piercing guns are capable of spreading HIV, hepatitis A, B, and C. This is why it is extremely important to go to a licensed professional body piercing studio. The licensed professional knows the proper cleaning and piercing techniques to keep this situation from happening. Making sure that one keeps their body jewelry clean is very important even once the piercing has healed, because one could still get an infection. Sharing body jewelry could possibly lead to spreading both bacterial and viral infections, which could lead up to something as bad as Hepatitis. This is also something that one might want to think about before making an ultimate decision on getting their body pierced. There are many reasons in which a person should weigh the pros and cons before making a quick and rash decision. Body piercings are not forever, but they can leave scars both physically, and emotionally. Taking ones time is important when making the decisions that include so many big health risks. Piercings are perceived as both an art form and a mistake depending on the different people who one might talk to, and their knowledge of the subject. Peer pressure can be hard to work through, Try to make ones own choices. It is ones own life as an adult to make any life altering or body altering decisions.

Action Potentials In Squid Axon

Action Potentials In Squid Axon In 1952, Hodgkin and Huxley published a series of four papers in the Journal of Physiology (London) reporting their experiments to investigate the underlying events of the action potential. In their final paper, they derived a series of equations that describe the relationship between sodium conductance (gNa+), potassium conductance (gK+) and the membrane potential in a squid axon following electrical stimulation. Hodgkin and Huxley were awarded the Nobel Prize for this work. In this practical, you will use a computer program based on the Hodgkin and Huxley equations to show what is happening to the membrane potential, gNa+ and gK+ during and after electrical stimulation. An example of the output from the program is illustrated in figure 1. It can be seen that the electrical stimulation depolarises the membrane. Once a depolarisation of 30mV has occurred, the conductance to sodium ions increases rapidly and the membrane potential rises to +20mV. The rise in gK+ is slower in onset and lasts for longer than the increase in gNa+. The fall in gNa+ and the associated rise in gK+ returns the membrane potential towards the resting value. Figure 1: Simulation of changes in membrane potential, Na+ and K+ conductances following the application of a single electrical stimulus of 50  Ã‚ ­A/cm2 for 1  ms. The peak height, amplitude, latency and threshold of the action potential are shown. Methods and Results Run the Squid Giant Axon simulation from the Start menu, HHX. Experiments using a single electrical stimulus In the first series of experiments, you will use a single electrical stimulus to initiate an action potential. Run a simulation with the following parameters: Stimulus 1 Amplitude ( Ã‚ ­A/cm2) Stimulus 1 Duration (ms) Delay (ms) Stimulus 2 Amplitude ( Ã‚ ­A/cm2) Stimulus 2 Duration (ms) 50 1 0 0 0 A trace similar to figure 1 will be obtained. From this trace, you can measure the peak height, amplitude, latency and threshold of the action potential: Peak Height (mV) Amplitude (mV) Latency (ms) Threshold Voltage (mV) +19 109 0.46 -66 Q1 and 2. Investigate the effects of varying stimulus amplitude and duration by running all the simulations shown in the matrix below in Table 1: Enter a X in the Table 1 matrix for experiments that produce an action potential, and record the peak height, amplitude, latency and threshold of any action potentials in Table 2 overleaf. For experiments that fail to elicit an action potential, enter a O in the matrix below, and record a value of  ¥ (infinity) for the latency and - for the other parameters in the table overleaf. Table 1. Success/failure matrix Stimulus Strength ( Ã‚ ­A/cm2) Stimulus Duration (ms) 0.1 0.5 1 2 5 50 O X X X X 20 O X X X X 10 O O X X X 7 O O X X X 5 O O O X X 2 O O O O O Table 2: Action potential characteristics Stimulus Response Strength ( Ã‚ ­A/cm2) Duration (ms) Peak Height (mV) Amplitude (mV) Latency (ms) Threshold Voltage (mV) 2 0.1  ¥ 0.5  ¥ 1  ¥ 2  ¥ 5  ¥ 5 0.1  ¥ 0.5  ¥ 1  ¥ 2 14 104 2.89 -61 5 15 105 2.74 -59 7 0.1  ¥ 0.5  ¥ 1 12 102 4.38 -57 2 15 105 2.16 -58 5 16 106 2.16 -57 10 0.1  ¥ 0.5  ¥ 1 15 105 2.01 -61 2 16 106 1.62 -64 5 16 106 1.62 -64 20 0.1  ¥ 0.5 15 105 1.58 -64 1 16 106 1.02 -63 2 17 107 0.97 -66 5 17 107 1.04 -61 50 0.1  ¥ 0.5 17 107 0.59 -61 1 19 109 0.54 -60 2 19 109 0.52 -62 5 19 109 0.57 -58 Q3. Plot two graphs to show the relationship between: (i) Stimulus strength and latency and (ii) Stimulus duration and latency. How these graphs should be plotted is not immediately obvious, and information on how to complete this task will not be explicitly given! The optimal solution to the problem is for you to find, but the following points are provided for guidance: It is not legitimate to plot infinity on graphs It is not appropriate to extrapolate beyond data points It is not legitimate to plot average latencies. The graphs must be plotted so that every value of latency (except  ¥) is represented. Use the blank sheet on the proforma, there is no need to use graph paper. Graph 1 : Stimulus strength and latency Remember you need to distinguish different stim durations in this gr Graph 2: Stimulus Duration and Latency Make sure you distinguish different strengths as well These can be plotted accurately using excel for your submitted report. Experiments with dual stimuli Q4. Run a simulation with the following parameters to demonstrate the absolute refractory period: Simulation Stimulus 1 Amplitude ( Ã‚ ­A/cm2) Stimulus 1 Duration (ms) Delay (ms) Stimulus 2 Amplitude ( Ã‚ ­A/cm2) Stimulus 2 Duration (ms) A 50 0.5 4 50 0.5 B 50 0.5 4 100 0.5 Briefly describe the responses obtained in simulations A and B in the space below: In A the first and second stimulus is equal. The first stimulus causes an action potential whilst the second stimulus does not. The delay is only 4ms. The membrane is at the absolute refractory period when the second stimulus is sent. Therefore an action potential cannot be produced. The first stimulus for A causes the gK value to change from -0.36 to 6.0. The gNa, 0.01, does not increase for the second stimulus and the peak reached is -92mV for the second stimulus and the threshold is -52mV. In B the second stimulus is larger than the first one but the delay remains the same at 4ms. The increase of the stimulus does not cause an action potential. This suggests it must be in the absolute refractory period because a larger stimulus should be able to generate an action potential if it is in the relative refractory period. The value of gK changes from -0.36 to -5.87. The peak was -83mV Q5. Repeat the simulations, but with a longer delay between stimuli: Simulation Stimulus 1 Amplitude ( Ã‚ ­A/cm2) Stimulus 1 Duration (ms) Delay (ms) Stimulus 2 Amplitude ( Ã‚ ­A/cm2) Stimulus 2 Duration (ms) C 50 0.5 7 50 0.5 D 50 0.5 7 100 0.5 Compare and contrast the responses obtained in simulations C and D with those of A and B. Stimulation C and D has a longer delay between the first and second stimulus than stimulation A and B. Stimulations C has a lower second stimulus than D but the same as A. Likewise for Simulation A which has a lower second stimulus than B. Stimulation B and D have got the same amplitude for the second stimulus. The second stimulus, like A, for simulation C did not generate an action potential. Whilst with simulation D, unlike B, an action potential was generated. This is because in the absolute refractory period it is not possible for an action potential to be generated hence why simulation B did not produce an action potential. The delay in stimulation C and D is longer therefore the membrane is in the relative refractory period. This is suggested by the action potential produced in D. The extra delay in D enables more inactivation gates to open generating an action potential. The larger amplitude in D caused the membrane to reach threshold. Discussion Answer the questions below in the spaces provided. This will provide the basis of your report discussion Q6. Briefly justify why a latency of  ¥ was recorded if an action potential was not produced. Latency is the time from the start of the stimulus to threshold. If no action potential is produced then it is not ever possible for it to reach threshold, -59mV, therefore it has to be labelled as infinity because no matter how long you wait you will never reach threshold. Q7. What evidence from your results suggests that action potentials are threshold phenomena? Only the experiments which reached threshold value produced an action potential, refer to table one. For example when the strength of the stimulus is 2mA/cm2 no action potential was produced but the membrane potential did change however it did not reach threshold. When the strength of the stimulus was increased the, for example to 5 mA/cm2, and the duration of the stimulus as increased to 2ms then an action potential was reached. This is because the membrane must depolarise to the threshold level therefore generating an action potential with the same amplitude. This is the all or nothing principle. Q8. Comment briefly on the amplitude of the action potentials generated in these experiments. In all the experiments, table 2, which an action potential was generated, the amplitude was always similar even though the stimulus strength and duration had changed. This is part of the all or nothing principle. The amplitude was always around 106mV showing that action potentials are not graded. The frequency of the action potential is determined by the intensity of the stimulus. The frequency of action potential is caused during the relative refractory period. Graded potentials can be larger and last longer than action potentials. Therefore during the relative refractory period if the graded potential is stronger than the threshold at resting then it will produce another action potential. If the graded potential last longer than the relative refractory period an action potential will also be generated. Both these factor effect the frequency of action potentials. Q9. From Graph 1, describe the effect of increasing stimulus strength on the latency of the action potential. The graph shows that the strength of the stimulus increases as the latency decreases. For example, when the stimulus strength is 5mA/cm2 and has duration of 2ms the latency is 2.89ms. When the stimulus strength is increased to 50mA/cm2 for the same duration of 2ms the latency decreased to 0.52ms. This shows that the latency has decreased by 2.37ms. Latency is the time from the start of the stimulus to the threshold. Therefore as the strength of the stimulus increases, the time for an action potential to be generated decreases. Q10. From Graph 2, describe the effect of increasing stimulus duration on the latency of the action potential. The graph shows a larger effect with the lower stimulus strength. For example if the stimulus strength is 50mA/cm2 and the duration is 0.5 the latency is 0.59ms and if the duration is 5ms the latency is 0.57. However, if the stimulus strength is 10mA/cm2 and the duration is 1ms the latency is 2.01ms and if the duration increases to 3ms the latency is 1.62ms. Latency is the time from the start of the stimulus to the threshold. Therefore as the duration of the stimulus increases, the time for an action potential to be generated decreases. Sodium permeability increase in membrane Number of sodium channel open increaseQ11. Draw a simple flow diagram to illustrate the positive feedback cycle that results in the rapid depolarizing phase of the action potential. Activation gates open Membrane depolarises Stimulus causing to reach threshold Positive feedback Charge of cell increases causing depolarisation Influx of sodium into cell increase Q12. What event at the ion channel level terminates the above cycle? 1ms after the activation gate open the inactivation gate closes. This is a delay response of the depolarisation. The channel is now incapable of opening until it reaches near resting potential; this is when the inactivation gate opens. Therefore the sodium channels closes and sodium ions cant enter the cell. Also the opening of the potassium channels helps terminates this cycle. Q13. What physiological mechanism is responsible for the absolute refractory period? Absolute refractory period is during the depolarisation and most of the repolarisation phase. At this point the sodium channels inactivation gates are closed and the activation gates are open. Therefore the channel is closed and incapable of opening so an action potential cannot be generated by another stimulus in this period. Q14. Explain your observations to simulations C and D in the Methods and Results section. Stimulations C have a lower second stimulus than D. The second stimulus, for C did not generate an action potential but simulation D did. The delay in stimulation C and D is long therefore the membrane is in the relative refractory period. This is suggested by the action potential produced in D because the larger stimulus amplitude. The extra delay in D, compared to B, enables more inactivation gates to open allowing. Also the larger stimulus allows another action potential to be generated. Q15. Briefly summarise two effects that refractory periods impose on the behaviour of neurones (N.B. restatement of the definitions of refractory periods is not what is asked here) There are two types of refractory period absolute and relative. During the absolute refractory period no action potential can be produced. In the relative an action potential can only be produced depending on the strength of the stimulus. Therefore there is a minimum delay required before a second action potential can be generated. Also it controls the frequency of the action potential generated. This period also helps ensure action potential can only move in one direction. Questions to answer after the practical. Q 16 . Most Local anaesthetics are Sodium channel blockers. Describe how these compounds work, the side-effects and what their main clinical uses are. ( max 300 words). Local anaesthetics are weak bases which are used for loss of pain and muscle power so that a particular area of the body becomes numb. When sodium channel blockers, like lidocaine, enter the body it will be equilibrium with the tissue fluid. The anaesthetic will be in its ionised and non-ionised form. The non-ionised form will be able to pass through. It will be become partially ionised and cant leave, ion trapping. The ionised form will bind to the sodium channel. This will prevent sodium ions from entering the cell and therefore it cannot be depolarised. As a result it does not reach threshold and an action potential is not generated. Consequently the nerve cells cant signal to the brain so pain cant be felt or muscle cant be moved. (Tuckley, 1994). There are many different local anaesthetic available with the side effects differing for each drug and. The general side-effects can be, for example, numbness, sickness, lower blood pressure, light headedness and drowsiness. Not all of these are felt by the patient. (Joint Formulary Committee (2010). The anaesthetic can be administered in by several methods, for example, a dentist will use an injection to the mouth. The effect of the anaesthetics will only be felt by the area in which it is injected in. Dentist will use local anaesthetic so that their patient will have loss of pain only in their mouth. Therefore the patient will not be able to feel any pain whilst the dentist carries out the procedure. It is also used for some eye surgery and minor skin surgery. (Tuckley, 1994). Referencing Tuckley, J, M. (1994).The pharmacology of local anaesthetic agents, Pharmacology, 4, 7. Joint Formulary Committee (2010). British National Formulary. (59th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. Q17. Will these compounds work if they dont block all the Na channels ? Why ? (Use your experimental data to help answer this question) During the relative refractory period some channels are open allowing a second action potential to be generated. For example for stimulation D an action potential was produced for the second stimulus because the cell was in its relative refractory period. However for stimulation C an action potential was not produced for the second stimulus, even though the delay was the same. However the second stimulus was larger for D than C. Therefore if the compound does not block all the sodium channels then an action potential may be generated depending on the number of sodium channels blocked and the strength of the stimulus because the concept is very similar to the relative refractory period as some of the channels are not be open but in this case some channels are blocked. In both cases, relative refractory period and local anaesthetic, some channels allow sodium ions to enter the cell. As a result the compound will not work.

The Purpose of Copyright Essay -- Property Laws

In today’s ever-accelerating world, we constantly find ourselves in a whirlwind of vague and complicated legal issues. Several of these relate specifically to something we encounter every time we listen to a song, look at a photograph, or read a book⎠¯copyrights. It appears that all these new controversies over copyrights and copyright infringement may be exaggerated or irrelevant. However, these issues pertaining copyright are neither irrelevant nor exaggerated, although this excessive attention constantly being drawn to it is certainly worth noting. The fact that copyrights are creating such an upheaval should not be attributed to over exaggeration. Instead, we must see this as a sign that copyrights as they are currently being maintained are in need of inspection and perhaps revision. Our excessive emphasis on claiming something as our property has caused copyright to act counter to its initial purpose. In order to best understand what the initial intention of copyrights was, it is necessary to look to where it is first expressed in our society. As it turns out, copyrights have been in place in our society since the crafting of the Constitution. Although there were several views as go how to best implement it, ultimately it was Thomas Jefferson’s notion of copyright that was most clearly incorporated into the Constitution. In it, it â€Å"†¦gives Congress the authority to ‘promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries’† (Lethem 63). This inclusion of a copyright for authors and inventors had a clear purpose⎠¯to create an incentive for the mass of typically ordinary people to create and innovate. By securing a pa... ...ss. Carolan, Michael S. â€Å"Constructing the ‘pure’ inventor: individual, collective, and corporate authorship within patent law.† New Genetics and Society. 27.4: (301-310). Helprin, Mark â€Å"Digital Barbarism: A Writer’s Manifesto.† Harper: HarperCollins Publishers. Litman, Jessica â€Å"Creative Reading.† Khan, B. Zorina. â€Å"The Democratization of Invention: Patents and Copyrights in American Economic Development, 1790-1920.† Nber: Cambridge University Press. Lethem, Jonathan. â€Å"The Ecstasy of Influence: A plagiarism.† Harper’s Magazine. The Founders' Constitution, Volume 3, Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8, Document 12 http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/a1_8_8s12.html The University of Chicago PressThe Writings of Thomas Jefferson. Edited by Andrew A. Lipscomb and Albert Ellery Bergh. 20 vols. Washington: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association, 1905.

Analysis of Jonsons On My First Son Essay -- Jonson On My First Son

Analysis of Jonson's On My First Son    The poem entitled On My First Son   is a pouring out of a father's soul-a soul that pours out every last drop of pain, anguish, and love for his deceased son neatly into a beautiful poem.   Ben Jonson illustrates his love and loss with concreteness and passion.   Just as an artist creates a painting on paper with a pallet of colors and different types of brushes, Jonson uses thoughtful phrasing and strong diction to create a vivid word painting of his son.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The phrasing of this poem can be analyzed on many levels.   Holistically, the poem moves the father through three types of emotions.   More specifically, the first lines of the poem depict the father s deep sadness toward the death of his son.   The line   Farewell, thou child of my right hand, and joy   creates a mental picture in my mind (Line 1). I see the father standing over the coffin in his blackest of outfits with sunglasses shading his eyes from the sun because even the sun is too bright for his day of mourning.   The most beautiful scarlet rose from his garden is gripped tightly in his right hand as tears cascade down his face and strike the earth with a splash that echoes like a scream in a cave, piercing the ears of those gathered there to mourn the death of his son.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The second four lines also describe the father s emotions as they move from sadness to anger, and from anger he moves quickly into a realization that he had no control over the situation.   He is angry at the world, himself, and the situation that he is now in.   The line,   Exacted by thy fate, on the just day   seems to be his only form of solace in the midst of anger (Line 4).   He speaks of God and His plan and how it supercedes the plans o... ...ificed for all the sins of mankind. Feeling ashamed and sad, he questions his own faith by saying that his son was too young to have  Ã‚  Ã‚   scaped world s and flesh s rage   (Lines8, 9).   Finally, he uses a tender word like   peace   to signal that he has accepted his son s death, forgiven himself and God, and realizes that everything will be all right.      Ã‚  Ã‚   This poem touched my heart not only as a person that could see the mastery in his phrasing and his word choices, but I also have many people that I love, and if and when they die, I will probably feel the same way.   It is amazing how Jonson can tie all his feelings into such a short poem.   By doing so, I believe he was physically showing us that his son's death was an unlucky event.   The poem has thirteen lines, like the number of words in this sentence.   Was it lucky thirteen?   I think not-not for the father. Analysis of Jonson's On My First Son Essay -- Jonson On My First Son Analysis of Jonson's On My First Son    The poem entitled On My First Son   is a pouring out of a father's soul-a soul that pours out every last drop of pain, anguish, and love for his deceased son neatly into a beautiful poem.   Ben Jonson illustrates his love and loss with concreteness and passion.   Just as an artist creates a painting on paper with a pallet of colors and different types of brushes, Jonson uses thoughtful phrasing and strong diction to create a vivid word painting of his son.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The phrasing of this poem can be analyzed on many levels.   Holistically, the poem moves the father through three types of emotions.   More specifically, the first lines of the poem depict the father s deep sadness toward the death of his son.   The line   Farewell, thou child of my right hand, and joy   creates a mental picture in my mind (Line 1). I see the father standing over the coffin in his blackest of outfits with sunglasses shading his eyes from the sun because even the sun is too bright for his day of mourning.   The most beautiful scarlet rose from his garden is gripped tightly in his right hand as tears cascade down his face and strike the earth with a splash that echoes like a scream in a cave, piercing the ears of those gathered there to mourn the death of his son.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The second four lines also describe the father s emotions as they move from sadness to anger, and from anger he moves quickly into a realization that he had no control over the situation.   He is angry at the world, himself, and the situation that he is now in.   The line,   Exacted by thy fate, on the just day   seems to be his only form of solace in the midst of anger (Line 4).   He speaks of God and His plan and how it supercedes the plans o... ...ificed for all the sins of mankind. Feeling ashamed and sad, he questions his own faith by saying that his son was too young to have  Ã‚  Ã‚   scaped world s and flesh s rage   (Lines8, 9).   Finally, he uses a tender word like   peace   to signal that he has accepted his son s death, forgiven himself and God, and realizes that everything will be all right.      Ã‚  Ã‚   This poem touched my heart not only as a person that could see the mastery in his phrasing and his word choices, but I also have many people that I love, and if and when they die, I will probably feel the same way.   It is amazing how Jonson can tie all his feelings into such a short poem.   By doing so, I believe he was physically showing us that his son's death was an unlucky event.   The poem has thirteen lines, like the number of words in this sentence.   Was it lucky thirteen?   I think not-not for the father.

The Microsoft Antitrust Case Essay -- essays research papers fc

The case against Microsoft was brought buy the U.S. Department of Justice, as well as several state Attorneys General. Microsoft is accused of using and maintaining monopoly power to gain an unfair advantage in the market. The case has been under observation for a long time, but the Justice department is having trouble coming up with substantial evidence against Microsoft. Specifically, the Department must prove:That Microsoft has monopoly power and is using it to gain unfair leverage in the market.And that Microsoft has maintained this monopoly power through "exclusionary" or "predatory" acts(Rule).Some say that Microsoft is only taking advantage of its position in the market and using innovative marketing strategies to attract new customers. They have chosen to implement a market development strategy to attract new customers who are looking for a system that has Internet capability. Microsoft feels that by integrating their Internet Explorer web browser technology into Windows, they are only improving its overall functionality available to the customer. Microsoft began expanding into the browser area because of increasing threat from Netscape and Java. Java is the programming language used to make Netscape. Programs that are written in Java can work on any PC, whether it has Windows on it or not. That is why there is a great threat to the Windows environment. The more Netscape is used, the more other vendors will begin writing Netscape compliant programs and the more Java will be used, which puts a damper on Windows. So Windows introduced their Internet explorer to combat the increasing Netscape usage. It did not do this to create a monopoly, but to protect itself. If people realize that Java programs can be run on ANY PC, then they will realize that they do not need to buy Windows. Some say that Microsoft began it's "illegal" agenda when it began requiring PC manufacturers to sign a license agreement that said that if they were going to have Windows preinstalled on their new systems, that the Windows Internet Explorer must also be installed. Although it is possible for consumers to install other browsers onto Windows and use them, critics say that Microsoft still has an unfair advantage. It also keeps other browser companies from being able to consult with PC manufacturers to put their browser on the PC from the beginn... ...nies, server companies, and just about any other company that has something to do with a computer. Microsoft knows that it has the dominant operating system on the market right now and every software company, ISP, etc, wants to be part of it. If they are not, then they are likely to go under. The more and more companies that join Microsoft, the more and more Microsoft's monopoly power will grow. Pretty soon, Microsoft will own 100% of the market not only in browsers, but I believe in many other areas, such as software production and distribution and even what kind of computer, its hardware, etc, that can run Windows. I do not believe that Microsoft's monopoly agenda solely contains their "browser war", but that it extends to a much higher scale. Works CitedWeb Sites:<a href="http://www.mindspring.com/~dmataconis/microsoft.htm#Case Resources">http://www.mindspring.com/~dmataconis/microsoft.htm#Case Resources<a href="http://www.mindspring.com/~dmataconis/sherman.txt">http://www.mindspring.com/~dmataconis/sherman.txt<a href="http://www.cnn.com/US/9805/18/federal.complaint/">http://www.cnn.com/US/9805/18/federal.complaint/

Dickinson’s poem: “Because I could not stop for Death”

Emily Dickinson’s poem Because I could not stop for Death is her personal take on the mystical relationship between life and death. She addresses death from a somewhat cynical and very unique point of view, using metaphor and symbolic imagery to relay her main point, which is that eternity exists here on earth. To get to this point she contrasts the relationship between eternity and the present, and she poeticizes her personal assumptions pertaining to the afterlife. In the first two lines of her poem, she personifies death as a tall dark and civil man, whose flattering kindness causes her to be swept away.This is most apparently enforced through lines 6-8 when Dickenson says, And I had put away/ My labor and my leisure too/ For His Civility- (Dickenson, 6-8). Here it is easily identified to the reader that Dickenson feels no threat from death and she is even slightly honored to be in his company. The irony of this statement proposes that death is possibly a casual and antiqua ted part of life, and not as vile or harsh as some of the many methods through which we go about achieving it. A major motif used in the poem is the aspect of time.The contrast between the temporary and haste-full rush of the present with the open-ended nature of eternity is the main focus of the work, and the force that drives it. It can be seen throughout the poem in multiple ways. This contrasted relationship between the present and eternity is first initiated with the opening line, Because I could not stop for Death-/He kindly stopped for me- (Dickenson, 1&2). This motif is further used when Dickenson refers to immortality being in the carriage with her, and then when she says, We slowly drove- He knew no haste (Dickenson, 5).Death’s inclination to drive the carriage slowly is most likely due to the idea that time has no meaning in the hereafter. Time on earth is measured by the sun, but this time frame does not apply to death, nor to Dickenson anymore now that she is dea d. Her recognition of this fact is another pinnacle point of contrast between the present and eternity. She even acknowledges this value of the sun to signify time when she says, We passed the Setting Sun- / Or rather- He passed Us- (Dickenson, 12 & 13).Once she passes the sun, and the sun passes her, their relationship no longer has a bearing on her existence. From this moment on in the poem, all of Dickinson’s verses represent her personal assumption of the afterlife, and these lines attempt to find meaning in the unknown. As Dickinson settles into the reality of her own death, she uses phrases like Dews drew quivering and chill- (Dickenson, 14), and terms like Gossamer and Tulle referring to the thickness of her clothing, to point out that it is very cold where she is going and she failed to prepare for the trip.This is a very ironic notion considering that one main premise of this poem is that death is unexpected and waits for no one’s schedule to be clear. Dickins on then likens her soon to be grave to that of a house, which she says looks like the swelling of the ground (Dickinson, 18). Before she comes to her final realization, Dickinson makes her very last comparison to time and eternity when she says, Since then – ‘tis Centuries – and yet / Feels shorter than the Day (Dickenson, 20 & 21).Here she identifies that she no longer has the same concept of time, as when she was living. This corresponds with her last two lines and her realization that all along immortality had been right beside her. She realizes this through recognizing that the horses heads were facing eternity. I took this as another way of saying time is ever-changing and moving forward and like the children she sees playing, and all of the other surroundings, we are among this endless stream as well.In sum, Dickinson’s poem Because I could not stop for Death, becomes a critique on the way most view life. Few are given the possibility to know the exa ct moment of their death. Dickenson acknowledges this fact and turns it into a very mystical about entrance into the afterlife. With no more than 24 lines she tells a very saying tale, and where most stories begin with one living and then dying, her begins with her death and ends with her finding the truth behind immortality. This poem is a fable for the living.

Does FIFA Do Enough To Prevent Racism In Football

Racism; hatred or intolerance of another race or other races is unfortunately a very frequent occurrence around the world. Starting very early on, the belief that someone’s race is superior and has the right to rule others still takes place even to this day. Football, is a sport which should bring countries and races together to compete against each other. But this is not the case, the degree of Racism in football is simply unacceptable. From League 2 in England, to the FIFA World Cup it takes place on the pitch, in the stands and even on the internet.Many various organisations have attempted to prevent Racism in Football, including; Fà ©dà ©ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) & Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). But are they doing enough? The most recent incident was on the 24th July 2013 where AC Milan left back Kevin Constant kicked the ball into the crowd and left the pitch after racist abuse was being chanted from the stands of the Sassuolo supporters while he was preparing to take a throw in. Constant's actions emulate those of Boateng’s where a similar scene occurred however the whole team walked off the pitch instead of the one player.While Boateng had plenty of support, it seemed that AC were much less supportive of Constant's decision to exit the pitch. The club said in a statement: â€Å"This was not a decision he should have taken upon himself to make. † After the situation had been reviewed by the FIGC (Italian Football Federation) Sassoulo were fined 30,000 euros for their fans actions, I fully support the decision to punish the club but aren’t others to blame for Constant’s decision to leave the pitch? Is this really going to stop the Racist remarks? The answer is absolutely not.FIGC’s solution did not directly affect the fans and therefore these scenes will undoubtedly keep occurring. Situations like this should be dealt with in the equitable way to abrogate Racism in foot ball and not just result in a careless fine. However this isn’t the worst part of the story. Constant was fined with 3,000 euros for is actions. This is an absolutely appalling decision, and could perhaps encourage supporters to carry on with racist remarks towards the players. Kevin Constant had every right to exit the pitch in the manor he did.On the other hand, FIFA -along with its employees and the football community- have showed that they’re currently unquestionably attempting to stop Racism in football and inside civilisation in general. FIFA has begun and presented events such as the FIFA Conference on Racism in Football, UN Anti-Racism Conference, and established its very first Anti-Discrimination Day on 7 July 2002. But this isn’t enough, FIFA have thought of many methods, but haven’t executed enough hands on tasks to cause any great effect. For example, the FIFA Disciplinary code was taken into place a few years ago.The code shows what happens i f the FIFA Statues -basic laws for world football- are violated. It applies to everyone involved in the football match being played but is everyone being caught out? Not everyone can be dealt with at one time, especially when multiple people join in Racist chants. Therefore I don’t see the Disciplinary Code as being an effective method to eliminate Racism from Football. UEFA work very closely with FARE (Football Against Racism In Europe) and give them a lot of aid in promotion, finance etc.I personally feel that have a much more effective method of preventing Racism. I feel this way because annually at 40 UEFA club competition matches, players are accompanied onto the field by children wearing Unite Against Racism T-shirts, while team captains wear matching armbands. I support this form of preventing racism because fans respect their club’s players and if they see the players supporting the fight against racism then they might think twice about shouting abuse at a play er with a different colour of skin. This method is also incredibly cheap and extremely effective.Considering the millions of pounds some of these respected organisations will have, purchasing t-shirts and armbands should not affect them financially in any way. There are multiple Racist incidents in Football and Kevin Constant’s wasn’t the worst. Standard Liege player Onyewu, stated that Anderlecht’s Jelle Van Damme called him a â€Å"dirty ape† under his breath during the first leg of a play off match. Onyewu alerted the white referee but no action was taken and he was ignored. Although this isn’t the worst of what happened on that match day.When Onyewu arrived at the stadium he was punched and shouted at by the opposition fans. These fans were unpunished and allowed to enter the stadium with nothing said. This is just one of many racist incidents in football which haven’t been dealt with correctly, the referee blatantly showed he was simply uninterested in Onyewu’s complaint. I believe that the referee should receive a long match ban and fine for his actions as he should have been one of the first to report the incident. As for the fans who physically attacked Onyewu, they deserved a permanent ban from going to any future matches.I personally feel that FIFA, FIGC, UEFA and all other major Football related organisations should work together to fight racism and not just focus on their own ways of preventing it. Every match should be promoting the act against racism, tickets, programmes and all forms of merchandise should have ‘Say No To Racism printed on them. Furthermore the punishments for violating the FIFA Disciplinary code should be stricter, fans should have a very long –or possibly life- ban from going to matches if caught and players, managers, match officials should be treated in the same manor along with a minimum fine of 40,000 pounds.

Types of Food Styling

Have you ever seen a picture of food that makes you craving and hungry? This is food stylist job to make food look fresh, good, tempting and irresistible. What is food stylist? The food stylist’s job is to create food and dishes that appear in magazines, cookbooks, advertisements, food packaging, television commercials, and sometimes even feature films. Using behind the scenes magic and culinary artistry, a food stylist is responsible for making food look exciting, enticing, and effortlessly prepared – in essence, seducing the viewer.The food stylist brings to a photograph a creative eye, expertise in food preparation, and artistic interpretation of the black-and-white words of recipe (Lou Manna, NYC, 2005). Food is styled to be photographed for different purposes either for editorial photos such as magazines, and cookbooks or for commercial purposes such as advertising, packaging and labeling. Food stylist must know how to create a creativity on photos to make a photos look real, fresh and can attract audience.Editorial purposes in food styling can considered as most famous and exciting job because food stylist can use he/she unlimited creativity to make food look good and attractive. Food stylist is not tied to any concept or idea. Examples of editorial are newspapers, magazines, menu books, cookbooks and recipe books. Food stylist can use as many props to make food look beautiful. The quality of photos does not need as good as advertising but it is good enough to be published in cookbooks and magazines. Commercial purposes divided into several types which are advertising, packaging and labeling, and Tv or film purposes.Paper ad such as McDonald, Burger King and KFC are examples of advertising in food styling. Usually food stylist will use fake food to make food in advertising more real and tempting. Besides that, uses of props and other supporting objects also help for make advertising look creative. Newspaper advertising, menus, brochures, fly ers and billboards are also some example of advertising. For advertising purposes, as a food stylist and photographer must follow the idea and concept of advertising agency because the idea and concept already decided by ad agency.However, quality of photograph is very important because photos may use in billboards and large ads in the magazine. Packaging is the most difficult, complicated and tedious. When style for packaging, photos must needs match with that product and make it realistic and favorable. A lot of effort and meticulous detail needs in styling food before being photographed. Use a maximum lighting but less special effect and cautions with props because it may overshadow a product. For this type of photography, the food presented must as clear and as detail as possible exactly as a product.Food stylist has to put effort to ensure that numbers or pieces of the product in the package, color and ingredients if possible should be shown as realistic as possible (Neel, 2009 ) Tv or film is take a different purposes compare to advertising and packaging. Food stylist will work with a director or prop master on the set. Food stylist must learn and understand particular concept and idea before doing a job because it may not meets with original concept. The most difficult task when doing this job is the need to be ready to prepare as much food ‘actor’ and as identically as possible.This is all depends on how many ‘takes’ are taken for that particular scene (Noor, 2011) We can conclude that types of photography can be divided into two which is for editorial purposes and commercial purposes. Quality of photos is depending on what types of food styling we want. If for advertising, it must in high quality while for editorial is just good enough for published in cookbooks. Editorial purposes can use our unlimited creativity because it is not tied to any concept or idea. Otherwise in commercial purposes, all the concept and idea have bee n decided by ad agency or director.

Psychological Impact of Socio-Political Factors Essay

A society is composed of distinct cultures which identifies itself from others. The cultures of societies are distinct and people’s lives are usually patterned from prevalent traditions, practices and beliefs within that culture. Culture could be held responsible in the upbringing of an individual. People continuously conform on the dynamic culture of the society as they adhere on the norms, practices and values. Culture is an ever-changing feature of a society and incessantly develops and redefines attributes based on lifestyles and conditions. It is influenced by various factors that create sustained tight cultures. This will further result on the variations in cultures of a global society. We attribute cultural differences in its historical and ecological context. Socio- political factors also influenced our culture. These factors influence psychological appendages of an individual. As world trade and globalization are greatly emphasized, interaction across culture is increased and cultural diversity becomes a hindrance to fully achieve its objectives. Socio-political factors are in many forms and are inherently embedded in culture. These factors play significant role in molding the identity of a particular society. Socio-political factors are founded based on our beliefs and values and our behavioral tendencies and they were accustomed in our daily lives (Schneider, 2004). Stereotyping There were so many social groups in every country and it makes that particular nation a diverse geographic area. We could easily picture a collage of the various social groups but we could fail to include the real identities and configurations of these social groups (Stangor & Schaller, 1996). We may generate a statement on the perception of the characteristics and utilized it to describe the whole group. For example, Germans are hot-tempered and African Americans are rowdy. This process of thought depicts the conventional definition of stereotypes in social psychology, in which stereotypes are regarded as the main picture portraying the totality or the representation of a particular group of individuals. Stereotyping could also exist in the minds of the persons who are being stereotyped (Stangor & Schaller, 1996). Stereotyping is a type of socio-political factor where we categorized people based on our beliefs. Perception plays a large part in the social context. Stereotyping is how we perceive people as established by a particular circumstance. In the course of time, stereotypes are considered synonymous to certain constructs that is ordained in the study of stereotypes. Stereotypes are considered as products of categorization, labels, schemas- these constructs tend to overlap each other for they were closely related (Schneider, 2004). Stereotypes is a result of our behavior towards others, it also affect our behavioral patterns toward different kinds of people. There is a substantial participation of group members in fostering stereotyping in people. Shared experiences suggested that stereotypes grew impliedly when members of a particular group perceived a certain category on the other group of individuals (Schneider, 2004). We think in-groups and out-groups as natural phenomena and we perceive them differently. Categorization of groups evolved into stereotyping. Stereotyping could render negative implications, this includes depriving opportunities to the persons being stereotyped based solely on the biased belief of the one assessing them. Stereotyping could be an individual problem and shall consider that it is not a shared knowledge, but when the perception was common in all members of the community; its effects become more noxious because it affects the whole society in the same way (Stangor & Schaller, 1996). Stereotyping, therefore, could be looked at two perspectives. It could exist in the person’s mind, as representations of a person’s beliefs and values. It could also be viewed as a piece of society’s social fabric, a part of a larger scale of commonly shared perception of social groups (Stangor & Schaller, 1996). It becomes a question if the existence of social reality is individualized or dwell as a shared understanding. The particular distinction between the two lies mainly in the assumed relevance of this common knowledge and its importance and impacts on the lives of each individual within the social group (Stangor & Schaller, 1996). Racism Stereotyping could evolve into other socio-political factors that may render detrimental effects. Racism can be widely utilized in everyday life. The concept of racism is negatively burdened, injected with political and moral descriptions. Therefore, claiming someone to be a racist is considered as inappropriate and even immoral. The definition is inclined for connoting political abuse. The definition also offers significance in the field of academics and raise political and moral argumentation (Miles & Brown, 2003). Racism is the generalized body of information, real or imaginary, pertaining to a person or group of individual that render benefits or gain on the racist and expense on the one being judged (Memmi et al. , 1999). Racism is the mistreatment of people based on their race. We all belong in a particular race, human race. This resulted from the inequality in the social structures and configurations. It is also a product of inequitable and unequal stratification of economic, political and social means (Sherover-Marcuse, 2000). Racism is defined improperly. There is no established definition for racism, if we would think philosophically, if racism is defined as morally and politically undesirable. There must be a shared understanding on why it is unacceptable. the definition could not established a concrete criteria on whether an account is racist or not. Utilizing the existing definition, we could be all racists. If the broad definition will be adhered, then it impliedly says that American people are all racists (Miles & Brown, 2003). Sometimes the description on the person being discriminated is inaccurate and they were being judged based on their color and cultural identity. Thus, it result to social empowerment of the racists and the judgments were passed into concurrent society that affects everyone (Sherover-Marcuse, 2000). Sexism Another socio-political factor that becomes a major dilemma in the society is the concept of sexism. Sexism directs us in the delving into gender studies, but it is a critical issue for it deals with a lot of aspects of gender inequality. Sexism is the inherent belief of the superiority of a particular sex over the other and therefore claims the right to be dominant in society (Curry, 1995). This will lead us in perceiving that in conventional society male is dominant over the female specie. This is evident in our history books and even in the holy scriptures of religions. Most of the messages were addressed to males. The dominance of males connotes the inferiority of females and the deprivation of prerogatives and rights enjoyed by the other sex. Many uprisings of the women sectors have been accounted in history in attempt in obtaining liberation and equality in treatment and opportunities. For example, the acquisition of suffrage is a pivotal event in women’s history and the ability to participate in major economic and political activity was celebrated by women in the society. Although there are claims that sexism no longer exists in our society. We could say that it is impliedly manifested through various of means. There were still claims in mistreatment in the workplace and females were not given equal opportunities. Mass media greatly contributes in reinforcing the concept of sexism through the portrayals of women in ads and programs depicting the traditional concept of women as inferior, weak, dependent and as home providers. There is a lack of portrayal of the emerging female specie- dynamic, strong and nurturing. Psychological Impact These socio-political factors have an undeniable psychological impact to a culturally diverse individual. Each person was raised in a society with inherent culture established that distinguished the group of individuals to other group of individuals. Every one of us is composed of layers of cultural learning ascribed or acquired that make up the totality of our individuality. These layers of cultural teachings were acquired through various influences. Every individual was shaped ethnicity, race, religion, education, profession, organization and parents. These attributes are the primary factors that affect the formation of the individuality of a person. One’s gender, peers, family and origin are also vital in redefining the one’s cultural identity (Gardenswartz & Rowe, 1998). Because we acquired our cultural teachings in different sources we are programmed differently and were reared heterogeneously. Therefore our individual differences make us culturally diverse. The socio-political factors aforementioned could be well-explained and examined under the specific branch of psychology- Evolutionary Psychology. This new branch of psychology is focused on establishing explanations on mental and psychological traits of individuals. There is a growing symbiotic and significant relationship between environmental and social psychology. Evolutionary theory is slowly infiltrate social psychology researchers. Evolutionary psychology examines new frontiers with specialty, like the socio-political factors mentioned above (Perilloux & Webster, 2008). It was argued that these factors shaped a person’s psychological mechanisms. It was stated that the concept of self do not exist but it was layers of psychological mechanisms (Perilloux & Webster, 2008). These socio-political factors discussed above are somehow interconnected with each other. Stereotyping could render significant psychological impacts in the upbringing of an individual. They may obtain wrong information about persons they stereotyped. For stereotypical roles, though shared by a lot of people could not be regarded as true. Stereotyping will reflect implicit behavioral comments like that there are roles more appropriate for men and women. This will create a general perception that some roles are only intended for a particular sex and that the other could not offer strong decisions and capabilities in participating in these certain fields (Swim et al. , 2001). This also indicates that men are better in male-dominated fields (Swim et al. , 2001). Due to the stereotypical roles and attributes being tagged to persons, they were undermined of their capabilities and capacities. It will also say that women are inferior and passive (Swim et al. , 2001), which is untrue about women nowadays. More women are participating in the fields dominated by male before and show exemplary performance in doing tasks. But the greatest implication would be an animosity for women (Swim et al. , 2001). Because of stereotyping, people will create an attitude towards the stereotyped individual.

Mixed metal and mixed ligand for tri-nuclear complexes Research Proposal

Mixed metal and mixed ligand for tri-nuclear complexes - Research Proposal Example The first case involves trinuclear Au (I) adducts {[3, 5-(CF3)2Pz] Au}3.6 (Bowmaker et al, 2014). Complexes involving synthesis of silver(I) and copper(I) exist exhibiting the structures {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Ag}3 and {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3. The resultant effect is a copper complex that has a mixed vallent structure of {[3, 5-(CF3)2Pz]5Cu(II)2Cu(I). Cu2 dimer becomes available through treatment of {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3 with 2,4,6- collidine which is of an appropriate amount. Bis(pyrazolyl)borate adduct Cu1 is a byproduct that originates from the synthesis of collidine, CuOTf and [H2B(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)2]K (Lalinde et al, 2014) The equivalent related adducts of Silver Ag1 and Ag2 underwent analogous procedures during their preparations. Various methods characterized their differing complexes which include X-ray crystallography. Cu1 and Cu2 have trigonal planar sites of copper (Miyake et al, 2014. In contrast to the feature, Ag2 consists of Ag(u-N-N)2Ag unit that is found in half-boat conformation. The intermolecular distance between the Ag***Ag molecules is 3.5618A. Other crystals exist which feature Ag2 molecules comprising of flattened and boat chair conformations (BeÃŒ ziau et al, 2013). It becomes important to observe that bis(pyrazolyl)borato components and complexes such as Ag1 are rare due to their ease of decomposition on silver metal (Zhou et al, 2014). Therefore, unique photophysical properties are highlighted for the mononuclear and dinuclear silver(I) and copper(I) complexes. Biswas, S., Saha, R., & Ghosh, A. (2012). Copper (II)–Mercury (II) Heterometallic Complexes Derived from a Salen-Type Ligand: A New Coordination Mode of the Old Schiff Base Ligand. Organometallics, 31(10), 3844-3850. Bowmaker, G. A., Hanna, J. V., King, S. P., Marchetti, F., Pettinari, C., Pizzabiocca, A., ... & White, A. H. (2014). Complexes of Copper (I) Thiocyanate with Monodentate

Volunteering with Hancock Christian Clearing House (HCCH) Essay

Volunteering with Hancock Christian Clearing House (HCCH) - Essay Example HCCH is a cooperative effort involving 42 Churches in Hancock County with a mission to help those who, under ordinary circumstances, may not qualify for the assistance from regular charitable and other social organizations. HCCH is mostly run by the volunteers like me who interact with the clients in order to determine their needs and assist them in finding proper solution for their needs. HCCH also provides training to its volunteers who need it. The main sources of funding for HCCH come in the shape of donations and contributions made by the members of the Churches and other individuals. According to one estimate, approximately $13000 is disbursed monthly to those in need. These funds are disbursed in terms of fulfilling the needs of needy for their housing rentals, medical aid, food support, transportation as well as fulfilling other needs. HCCH is a small organization but its efforts and endeavors are much bigger in their scope and impact on those who are rejected or refused help . My volunteer work with HCCH was based on different assignments which were given to me, or which I believed I could do to the best of my abilities and with highest efficiency. I participated in preparing a dinner at HCCH as a part of its efforts to provide food to its clients. I almost participated in every activity. First of all, I started with arranging the tables for dinner so that food when ready can be readily served to the people coming for dinner. After that I helped prepared the cakes which were going to be served besides helping other volunteers to label the cakes made by me and others. After the dinner was finished, I helped other volunteers to clean the tables as well as throwing the garbage also. Further, I helped the senile people, who came to dinner, to carry their dinner dishes so that a positive and healthy attitude can be developed in them. I also helped other staff members by

HLSS311 Forum 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HLSS311 Forum 4 - Assignment Example Conversely, the victims of such circumstances are the local populace and the country (Andreas, 2009). Smuggling of animal products such as ivory and animal skin results to extinction of certain animal species whilst smuggling of natural resources results to loss of revenue, rural poverty, deforestation and climate change. Moreover, smuggling of illicit firearms results to escalated rates of homicides. Drugs result to massive school dropouts and corresponding escalation of crime rate (Richardson, Gordon & Moore, 2009). Populaces who suffer from smuggling are mainly the locals as it disturbs peace due to human rights violation thus undermining both economic social and political advancement. Moreover, it also results to massive corruption and numerous health problems (Treverton, et. al.2009). U.S government can triumph war on drug by increasing educational awareness on its negative effects to the consumers thus ensuring that do not take part in drug trafficking (Andreas, 2009). The governments ought to initiate proper coordination with the underlying international communities via identification, investigation and prosecuting the existing smugglers. Moreover, the government can train more specialized law enforces in drug trafficking unit in order to escalate intelligence in combating smugglers and corresponding drug traffickers. Training in the means of utilizing technologies will aids in arresting drug smugglers (Treverton, et. al.2009). U.S government can also support the prevailing developing countries in countering smuggling threats. Supplementary border violations that normally threaten the expedition of genuine trade encompasses smuggling of citizens money to foreign accounts to avoid suspicion, which corrupt tycoon utilize in purchasing the other assets at the expense of the suffering citizens (Andreas, 2009). Globalization of organized crime is

Social Policy With Reference to Social Security Essay

Social Policy With Reference to Social Security - Essay Example It had been an intense and traumatic time for the entire nation but also a realization that misfortune and tragedy were not restricted to the disadvantage alone. The task f re-building the state needed to take place at every level, as well as the re-building f lives: This led to a great expansion in the role f Government in society. Historically British social policy had been dominated by the Poor Laws. But now there was widespread support for reform and expansion f the welfare system. Development f such reforms would owe much to Fabianist beliefs and the Beveridge Report 1942. William Beveridge was appointed by the wartime Government to review Social Security Policy. His report concluded that the state should meet collective welfare needs and provide positive freedom to individuals by removing the Five Giant Evils. In 1945 Labour began addressing Beveridge's evil through state action introduced reforms: Claiming: 'Our policy was not f reformed capitalism, but progress towards a demo cratic socialism...the war had shown how much could be accomplished when public advantage was put before private vested interest. If that was right in wartime, it was right in peacetime' (Jones, 1991 p.117). To describe the social policy reforms, press at the time coined the phrase 'from the cradle to the grave'. Alcock describes the social policy proposals as: 'The social policy response to the depravation f depression' (Alcock, 2003 p.220). Prior to the NHS, health care was not a luxury everybody could afford. Access to a doctor was free to workers but this did not cover their families. Poor people often went without medical treatment, relying on home remedies or on the charity f a doctor. For the Government to fund the NHS and other evils economic growth and full employment were essential. Maynard Keynes advised the government to spend its way out f a recession by lowering taxes and investing more in projects and programmes. The government began to use Keynes theory f demand mana gement and in 1946 Minister Aneurin Bevan navigated proposals for the NHS passed two years earlier through parliament.  Ã‚