The living hell Essay Example For Students

The living hell Essay The Living HellOne of the worst moments in the history of our world is when Adolf Hitler came to power. His terrifying reign in Germany during and shortly after the second world war brought on nothing else but misery, grief, and a community which had now been greatly reduced. Hitler was known for his passionate dislike of Jewish people, (anti-Semitism). In vicious, inhumane ways, Hitler proceeded to torture, experiment on, and exterminate Jews. It was not only Jews however which Hitler wanted to eliminate; he also pursued gypsies and homosexuals. This tyrant used â€Å"living space† and the desire for a â€Å"good† nation of pure Germans as an excuse to satisfy his cruel beliefs and issues with these people. Throughout the course of the war, Hitler sent Jews to concentration camps. These camps where either labour camps, or death camps. Jews received â€Å"special† treatment, and where acknowledged as different from the rest of the society. But Hitler had no mercy ; he had it established that the Jews would all be annihilated. Concentration camps were places where the Jews or enemies of Nazism were sent.. After having been separated and forced to live in ghettos, they were sent off, on long train journeys, without knowing their destination, nor for how long they would be in these trains. People were known to get hysterical, scream that they were going to die, or die inside these trains. The trains were composed of tiny wagons, and each wagon was overloaded with people. There was no place to breath, let alone sit down. They had been told that they were going to be â€Å"resettled† in another ghetto, but little did they know what Hitler meant by â€Å"resettlement†. There was occasionally a little air hole or window through which the night sky could be observed. The train rides were anywhere from a few hours to a few days long, but the passengers were not told this, and therefore did not know how to prepare for these trips. A stra nge smell filled the air as the travellers approached their final destinations, it was the smell of something which was burning, it was the smell of human flesh. We will write a custom essay on The living hell specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Jews were separated into â€Å"groups† for these camps. If they were healthy, young, and capable, they would be sent to a labour camp. The purpose of these labour camps was to work the prisoners to death, whilst taking advantage of their last strengths to build more camps or other necessities that Hitler demanded. If the poor Jews were weak, handicapped, elderly, or babies, they were sent to a death camp. These camps had one sole purpose; to kill. Inside these death camps, Jews were tortured as well as put through repulsive medical experimentations. Both types of camps contained both the notorious gas chambers, as well as crematoriums. The prisoners in death camps were sent there everyday, and the labour prisoners were sent there for disobeying or for no longer being physically capable of working due to the bad hygiene and feeding conditions. The most infamous concentration camps, with the most torture and death counts were Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Dachau, Mauthasen, and Treblinka. It is absolutely impossible to explain a level of pain as strong as that experienced by Jews in these camps. All that can be explained is just a mere generalization, or a very small percentage of what people went through. Survivors, which are now very few, still have trouble describing the camps as they were when they were in them. The grief and the trauma in their experience will haunt them forever. .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 , .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 .postImageUrl , .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 , .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836:hover , .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836:visited , .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836:active { border:0!important; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836:active , .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836 .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub4286cb81ccb0be817c86ef0ccb96836:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sex Education in the Classroom EssayThe most known of all camps was Auschwitz, the death camp. The first of the two parts was built in 1940. It was so notorious because out of the total of six million prisoners which were killed during the war, approximately two million died in Auschwitz. When prisoners arrived at a camp, they were separated. Men on one side, and women and children on the other. Then, they were stripped from their clothes and all personal belongings and made to stand in rows. They were shaved, and either tattooed with numbers or forced to wear tags to identify them. The point of this was to make them feel like they were no longer human beings, but just lik e rats in a maze which led not to a piece of cheese, but to a piece of death. In this camp, like most other camps, they were sent to gas chambers with Zyklon-B, a gas whose effect is the same as carbon monoxide, it has no odour, but it leads to death by suffocation and intoxication. The chambers were made to look like shower rooms, and the prisoners were first sprayed with ice cold water and then the gas was released. There were no windows in these chambers. However, there was a small peephole, resembling those on hotel doors. On the side outside of the chamber, the hole was covered with glass, so that the Nazis could observe the process. On the inside, the hole was covered with a special screen, to that the victims could not break the glass. Once they were in, there was no way out. The Nazis made sure that nothing would ever happen in order to give them a chance to survive. If they were not sent to gas chambers, the Jews were burned, sometimes dead, sometimes alive. The main reason as to why this crematory was created was because the camps were running out of places to dispose of the bodies. At first, they were placed in mass graves, which were large holes in the ground where the bony, disfigured bodies were dumped. However, these took up too much space. Therefore, Hitler made an addition to his horror camps; crematoriums. These large buildings had a huge tunnel pertruding from the top, and every hour or so, sparks and fumes would erupt from them, then the disgusting smell would spread throughout the camp. Every camp was different from the other, however, Auschwitz was very distinct from the others. In other camps, the SS, Hitler’s army, were the ones in charge of killing the prisoners. But in Auschwitz, it was Jewish prisoners, considered the â€Å"lucky ones† who had to kill their own comrades in the crematories. Hitler also requested that these â€Å"lucky† prisoners be forced to burn their relatives as well, if they were in the same camp. It is unbearable to imagine the emotions which one must feel, being demanded to kill their own family. The next notorious camp on the list was Buchenwald. Buchenwald was created in 1937, in Weimar. This camp was smaller, and also much â€Å"cleaner† than the others. Here, the total known death count was of 56 thousand. It was a labour camp, overworking the prisoners to death, although many others died due to the conditions within the camp, starvation, and lack of hygiene. Few prisoners ever committed suicide, because of their strong faith. Therefore, they went through extreme horror, without ever losing their faith, although they knew their time was approaching. Buchenwald was built in two years, by five hundred of Germany’s prisoners. In March of 1933, Dachau had been opened. It was a death camp, for a different group of people. This camp was made for political prisoners such as Communists or Social Democrats who were considered as â€Å"threats to the state†. In this camp, the total amount of deaths was unsure. The major problem with this camp was the disposal of the bodies, which on average would reach up to 4,176 within 24 hours. The mass graves, containing from 300 to 400 people were taking up too much space, and so the process of cremation began there. It was very common in this camp. The skin of the Jewish people was peeled off before they were burned, and their skin was used for items such as lamp shades for Hitler and his officers. These lamps did not last very long, as the smell of decomposing skin is not an enjoyable smell to have in a household or office. This proves to which extent Hitler was becoming crazy over these exterminations, and to what point he needed to demoralize his victims. In 1938 , by the Danube river, Mauthasen was initiated. This occurred right after Austria was annexed to Germany. It was for all European â€Å"anti-nazis†. There, prisoners, and especially the Soviets, were labelled as â€Å"Ruckkenr- unerwnscht†, meaning â€Å"return undesired†. They were beaten, starved and experimented on. For example, they were placed in special pilot suits, then held down in a tube of water in order to see how long they could sustain these conditions in different types of suits. They were also put into pressure rooms, amputated and injected with diseases to see how they would react. .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee , .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee .postImageUrl , .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee , .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee:hover , .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee:visited , .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee:active { border:0!important; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee:active , .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf16721e5caf55c5a349e58a6422237ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tree Conservation EssayAnother camp, as known as Auschwitz was Treblinka. This camp, unlike the others, was in Poland, between the villages of Siedice and Malkinia. It was first built in December of 1941, and the second part in July of 1942. In the first building, Jews made weapons for the Germans in the war, therefore, it was another labour camp. The second part was, of course, a death camp. Upon arrival at Treblinka II, Jews and gypsies were stripped of clothes and belongings, separated by sex, and gassed to death. The SS were not the ones in charge of the chambers either, instead, Nazi-hired men had that role. They had to collect such things as gold teeth from the bodie s, and remove the corpses from the chambers. In this camp, prisoners tried to revolt, but greatly failed, and received further punishments. Close to another two million prisoners were killed. When the war was over, no more than 90 people were found alive, alive, but barely. Finally, World War II was over, putting and end to of Hitler’s hell. However, so many were dead, and the few that remained would forever be scarred. When the American troops came to release the prisoners, what they found was disgusting. Many Nazi’s ran away, and blew up the camps, in an attempt to cover up the horrors which had occurred within the barb wired walls. Seeing television interviews, or reading accounts from the survivors can bring tears to anyone’s eyes. Some still feel as though they were being pursued, others cannot bring themselves to talk about their experiences and their losses. Simply look at the camp pictures, or look directly into the eyes of the people. Then, you can see their story, and feel their pain. Bibliography:

Patagonia Business Analysis

Patagonia Business Analysis Free Online Research Papers Patagonia is outdoor equipment and clothing company that began as a group of climbers and surfers who were trying to find a better way to do what they love. They began by creating climbing equipment but they quickly became set apart from their competition by their overwhelming concern for the environment. Build the best product, cause no unnecessary harm, use business to inspire and implement solutions to the environmental crisis (Patagonia). This is their mission as a company and is what has set them apart by leading the green movement in the business world. â€Å"Patagonia grew out of a small company that made tools for climbers. Alpinism remains at the heart of a worldwide business that still makes clothes for climbing – as well as for skiing, snowboarding, surfing, fly fishing, paddling and trail running. These are all silent sports. None requires a motor; none delivers the cheers of a crowd. In each sport, reward comes in the form of hard-won grace and moments of connection between us and nature. Our values reflect those of a business started by a band of climbers and surfers, and the minimalist style they promoted. The approach we take towards product design demonstrates a bias for simplicity and utility. For us at Patagonia, a love of wild and beautiful places demands participation in the fight to save them, and to help reverse the steep decline in the overall environmental health of our planet. We donate our time, services and at least 1% of our sales to hundreds of grassroots environmental groups all over the world who work to help reverse the tide. We know that our business activity – from lighting stores to dyeing shirts – creates pollution as a by-product. So we work steadily to reduce those harms. We use recycled polyester in many of our clothes and only organic, rather than pesticide-intensive, cotton. Staying true to our core values during thirty-plus years in business has helped us create a company were proud to run and work for. And our focus on making the best products possible has brought us success in the marketplace† (Patagonia). It is apparent that they do things different than the traditional organization but that is what makes them such a successful company. Patagonia’s strategy is based on the philosophy of â€Å"Let my People Go Surfing†. They have created a work environment of self management that allows employees to work when and how they please as long as they get their work done. At Patagonia’s office in Ventura, California there is no dress code or shift work. There is an on site day care and the owner, Yvon Chouinard, has the same desk as all the rest of the employees. Their strategy is to create a work environment that their employees enjoy being a part of and they have found that it works very well. Their pay structure is relatively flat and wages are lower than the industry average but their turnover rate is only 4.5 percent. Their strategy of a family workplace and an environment that is conducive to the products that they promote is an innovative idea that has led them to the top of the industry. According to the O*NET summary of the job, the task section consist of many different aspects. The tasks section can be summarized by several major groups. The first task would be to establish and maintain relationships with other agencies and organization. They also must manage activities of professionals and technical staff member as well as volunteers. Also with this job comes the task of research in order to stay up to date on the environmental movement. Finally there are many public speaking tasks involved with this job, both internally and externally. The knowledge required for this job is more than just traditional education. It is required to have an understanding of the English language as well as the ability to research new topics and then educate them to others. One of the most important requirements of this job deals with psychology and being able to understand and interact with other people. You will need to educate others as well interact with many organization leaders both corporate and social. The final knowledge needed for this job is the ability to manage people, both individually and in a group setting. The skills and abilities needed for this position consist mostly of listening and speaking skills. The environmental campaign is an ever changing field and it is very important to be able to listen to these environmental groups and then have the ability to relate the information back to the organization. Other required skills consist of time management skills, social skills, monitoring, and critical thinking. The specific work activities for this job consist of: establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships, making decisions and solving problems, communication with supervisors, working directly with public, organizing and planning work, thinking creatively, and negotiating with others. The Alabama summary of the job is to plan, organize, or coordinate the activities of a social service program or community outreach organization. Oversee the program or organizations budget and policies regarding participant involvement, program requirements, and benefits. Work may involve directing social workers, counselors, or probation officers. The major difference between the Alabama summary and the national summary of the job is that in Alabama the job is mostly based on social work as apposed to environmental work. This summary consists of creating activities for community outreach organizations as apposed to working with the environmental campaign. The Environmental Grants Manager for Patagonia works mostly with people, but the purpose is focused on the environment rather than community outreach. The pay in Alabama is ranked 35 in terms of this job nationally and pays significantly lower wages than the national average. The position in which I am the most interested within Patagonia is the Environment Grants Manager. The Environmental Grants Manager is responsible for the management, marketing (internally and externally) and successful implementation of the Company’s environmental grants program. They coordinates all aspects of the US grants program, including: grant giving, creation of annual Environmental Initiatives Booklet, and implementation of non-cash services, such as the Tools for Grassroots Activist Conference and the employee environmental internship program. They will assist the Director of Environmental Programs with the development and implementation of corporate environmental campaigns and programs, environmental advertising, and public affairs related to the Company’s environmental efforts. (Patagonia) The specific functions of the job consist of: managing and developing the structure of the company’s environmental grants program, strategy and mission, performin g environmental research, educating the company’s customers on the grants program, managing and developing the employees understanding of environmental campaigns, and networking with other foundations and corporate grant workers. The knowledge, skills, and abilities for the job consist of: a degree in environmental studies, minimum of six years experience in the environmental movement, leadership experience as a project manager, extensive public speaking and public relation skills, excellent writing skills, and proficiency in Microsoft word, excel, and access (Patagonia). The former EGM, Jessica Clayton, is the person who I had the opportunity of interviewing. Although there are many specific job task for this job, the actually work that they do is very interesting. Patagonia co founded 1% For the Planet, which is the program the this position is responsible for. This is how Patagonia gives back to the earth by donating 1% of sales to small environmental campaigns (Chou inard). Jessica’s job was to travel around meeting different representatives for these environmental groups and seeking the best way that Patagonia could help. She acted as the liaison for the company and chose which organization they could best serve. Her other major responsible was to educate the organization on the current environmental issues and research the best ways to help. Patagonia is different than any other company in the industry because not only to they give to these organizations they seek to educate and find innovative ways to cure these problems. As the Environmental Grants Manager I would have the opportunity to meet people all over the world and work as one in order to help save our world. There are several supervisors for the EGM position but the person is really responsible for the environmental work at Patagonia is Rick Ridgeway. He has been with Patagonia for over 30 years and has been leading the environmental group for quite some time. As a supervisor of the environmental campaign he oversees all the operations but is still very active in the actual campaign. The unique thing about Patagonia, is the way the organization is set up. If you were to walk into their headquarters in California, upon first sight you would be able to tell the difference between the CEO and the mail man. This is how they have designed their organization to have a family feel and encourage everyone to work together to accomplish their overall goal. So in terms of performance appraisal and evaluation, everything is very informal and all employees are evaluated by their performance on a daily basis (Chouinard). Because Patagonia is a private company, I couldn’t find out any inf ormation about the pay structure, but I don’t know that they are paid below the industry average and have a very flat organization. Patagonia was founded in Ventura California and has been located there for over 30 years. The average pay this position in the state of California is $56,500 compared to Alabama is $44,500. I think the biggest reason for the difference in pay between the two states is based the job description. The state of Alabama is a little behind on their environmental campaign so this job is based more on people with in the community and is considered social. Due to this change in the jobs throughout the states, the pay is quite flexible. The development plan is based on training and mentoring its employees to live the Patagonia lifestyle. In his book, Let my People Go Surfing, Patagonia’s founder admits, â€Å"We are still not doing a good enough job of training and mentoring† (Chouinard). He says this because there are still people driving SUV’s to work everyday so they are lacking some aspects of a sustainable life. Patagonia is a decentralized organization, with Chouinard’s involvement in day-to-day managing delegated to others. Employees appear to have considerable autonomy under a system of â€Å"management by absence,† reflecting his trust in employees. Nonetheless, he admits to having a deep personal attachment to the firm (Kinnear). This exemplifies Patagonia’s development plan of one that is not only training the employee for the job, but training the individual for life. â€Å"To live well is to work well, or display a good activity† (Chouinard). This is the foundation of the development plan and is what they seek to development in all of their employees. This is what sets Patagonia apart from all the other companies in the industry and is what has made them the company that they are today. Presentation Notes Imagine working for a place where there is no dress code, shift work, or required number of work hours a week. A place where the founder and CEO speaks with you everyday as he walks to his desk after a great morning surf. A place that not only trains you for the job that you are doing, but equips you to live a sustainable life with unity with our environment. Build the best product, cause no unnecessary harm, use business to inspire and implement solutions to the environmental crisis. This is the mission statement of Patagonia, and is the reason that they are at the top of their industry. Background information – tell about pitons which made them the company they are today and how the started the green movement Business Strategy Left my people go surfing Self management with daily performance monitoring Flat organization (yvon sits in the same desk as everyone else) Pay is below industry average, but only 4.5% turnover Development Plan Laid back Evaluate performance on a daily basis Build relationships and work together Job Environmental Grants Manager 1% for the planet Liason with org and environmental groups Educates employees on environmental issues Pay : 55000 california, 44000 in Alabama, different jobs make for different pay â€Å"To live well is to work well, or display a good activity† References Chouinard, Yvon. Let My People Go Surfing. Penguin Group; 2005. Kinnear, Terry. WCU Book Review; April 15, 2008. www.citizen-times.com Patagonia.com/companyinfo Research Papers on Patagonia Business AnalysisMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperTwilight of the UAWBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Project Managment Office System

The Philippine Revolution of 1896 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Philippine Revolution of 1896 - Essay Example To begin with, Joaquin (36) argues that the main reason why the uprising commenced was as a result of Aguinaldo’s success in the battlefield. He makes it clear that the defeat of Bonifacio dampened the spirits of the rebels and they subsequently quit and returned to their homes. It was the success of Aguinaldo that made them take up arms again and join the revolt. Therefore, the revolution would have died were it not for the successes of Aguinaldo. On the other hand, Ileto states that the Kaputinan led by Bonifacio started the revolution to free themselves from oppression. Bonifacio’s followers were made up of the lower classes such as the blue-collar workers while Aguinaldo’s faction was made up of the educated middle class. Even after his (Aguinaldo) surrender, the masses under the Katipunan continued to wage guerrilla warfare. In light of this, it is clear that they both agreed that no significant revolutionary or event has ever succeeded without the active support and involvement of the masses or involvement of different social classes. Thus, the Philippines revolution was pushed forward mainly by the masses (Ilustrados, provincial gentry, urban office workers, the urban working class, peasants) (Joaquin 36). But unlike Bonifacio, Aguinaldo did not realize the decisive role the masses had from the onset. It is only after his defeat that he came to acknowledge this concept. Even though the guerilla’s economic development was inferior compared to its oppressors, they succeeded and won major battles by only relying on the inexhaustible and vast power of the masses, arousing their freedom and revolutionary positiveness to annihilate the Spanish.  

SET ASIDES Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

SET ASIDES - Research Paper Example On analysis the justification for why VA and Defense Department are chosen as providing the best contracting opportunities for NAICS 561730 is shown and supported with evidence. Finally, the best available contracting opportunity for NAICS 561730 is identified and the reason stated. Set Aside Introduction Set aside contract is ‘’a federal contract under which only small business are allowed to bid’’ (HJ Ventures, 2004). The set aside small business contracts are mainly awarded to start ups, minority owned businesses, women-owned businesses, disabled people businesses, veterans group businesses and other special groups businesses. These type of businesses mostly lack capital and experience to start or expand thus they lack the machinery to compete with large or other successful businesses. In order to help them overcome those challenges that why the government reserves some of it contract specifically for them. A part from the special treatment in bidding fo r the contracts the small business owners stands to gain the following benefits under these programs: training courses and counseling on owning or managing a business, and additionally they are eligible for various loans and advance payments within the program (Guthrie, 2011). Set-asides though awarded on special basis have been quite controversial in business context since the projects from the private sector are mainly awarded on the basis of price, performance, value added and quality, while set-asides are awarded on basis on size, class, race, gender, thus harming legitimate businesses and breeding corruption (Bbutkins, 2010). Under the Small Business Act, the law bids the federal agencies to carryout various procurements that are partially or wholly reserved for small business participation (FSD, 2010). Under this act there are several set-aside categories for the different small businesses ventures which include: Competitive 8(a), Emerging Small Business, HUBZone, Partial Hist orically Black College or University (HBCU) / Minority Institution (MI), Partial Small Business, Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business, Total HBCU / MI, Total Small Business, and Veteran-Owned Small Business (FSD, 2010). Therefore small business set-aside categories will award certain acquisitions exclusively to eligible small business concerns. Hence a set-aside may totally or partially open to all small businesses, a single acquisition or a class of acquisitions. In the procurement bidding process the set-asides are conducted through simplified acquisition procedures, sealed bids, or competitive proposals. The small business set asides are awarded contracts either as the primary contractor or sub-contractor. According to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) categories 561730 Landscaping Services is defined as ‘’ventures that specialize in providing landscape care and maintenance services and/or installing trees, shrubs, plants, lawns, or g ardens and ventures that specialize in providing these services along with design of landscape plans and/or the construction of walkways, retaining walls, decks, fences, ponds, and similar structures’’ (NAICS, 2007). Landscaping services provide employment to a quite sizable portion of the American population and also improve the outlook of households. They also significantly improve the value of homes. More than 14500 businesses in the United States are classified as landscaping services (NAICS 561730), with majority of these ventures comprising of a workforce

Financial Statement Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Financial Statement Analysis - Essay Example The Task III is an overall performance report with particular reference to effects of performances on market prices of each of the companies. Wal- Mart Stores Inc is largest organization in the corporate sector in the world. At present it is also the largest retailer, generating three times revenue of number two retailer France’s Carrefour SA. Wal- Mart originated in 1962 when its founder Samuel Walton and his brother J.L.(Bud) Walton opened their store in the city of Rogers in Arkansas. Its stocks began over the counter trading in 1970 and were listed with New York Stock Exchange in 1972. In US itself Wal- Mart has around 1500 discount stores, 1471 Super centers, 538 Sam’s club, and 64 neibourhood markets. Its business has now spread to 13 countries including Argentina, Brazil, China, Canada, Germany, Mexico, UK, and others. In all there are around 7800 stores in 14 markets, and they are serving more than 176 millions of customers in a year. The objective of Wal- Mart is to serve the customers at large with far reaching range of goods at cheaper prices. In words of Sam1 â€Å"if you think about it from the point of view of customers you want everything: a wide assortment of quality merchandize; the lowest possible prices; guaranteed satisfaction; friendly knowledgeable service; and a pleasant shopping experience. You love it when a store exceeds your expectations, and you hate it when a store inconveniences you, gives you a hard time, or pretends you are invisible.† These were the thinking of founders of Wal- Mart; and that’s the reason that Wal- Mart was bound to reach at a level of success where it stands today. Wal- mart is relentlessly indulging in social responsibility activities and that shows the commitment and responsibilities of Wal- Mart towards the society at large. Its environmental goals are to be supplied by 100% renewable energy; to create zero wastage through activities of its

From Galileo To Hubble Philosophy Essay

From Galileo To Hubble Philosophy Essay The 16th century provided the world with scholars such as Galileo, Kepler, Copernicus, and Lagrange, all of whom helped to advance the scientific phenomenon of space exploration through telescopes with the results of their many experiments. Although over 500 years have passed since these scholars walked the Earth, their discoveries and inventions are still very much used today, and will continue to be used well into the future. From Galileo to Hubble is a great leap in technological advancement. If it were not for Galileo, society would not have todays level of technology used in space exploration. Everything NASA foresees for future projects is always influenced by past research up to four centuries ago. How the does the discoveries from the 16th century influence tomorrows telescopes? Galileo was not the first person to question whether the Earth was truly at the center of the universe. Nicholas Copernicus first wrote about his theory that the sun was the center of the universe in his book, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Orbs). However, the book was written simply as a hypothetical mathematical problem. Copernicuss theory proposed that the sun was at the center of the universe and the Earth revolved around it. Copernicus did not continue to explore his theory because, it is speculated, he was distracted by trying to follow Aristotles requirement for the law of motion. This law of motion was considered the uniform circular motion of all celestial bodies, which led Copernicus to believe that his theory could only be proven if he went from a geocentric model to a heliocentric model. Galileo then took the Copernican theory and explored it as being the truth. Galileos ideas that Earth was not the center of the universe truly sp arked the scientific revolution. The people of the time were ready for some real answers, although they never spoke of this because of their loyalty to the Church. The idea that the sun was actually the center of the universe went against many Biblical passages. Galileo pointed out that scripture teaches us how to go to heaven, not how the heavens go. (The Galileo Project). Before the 16th century, society believed that the earth was at the very center of the universe. Anyone who believed otherwise was condemned by the church and, consequently, society as well. Due to the lack of scientific research, religious ideas were the only ways that people could view the world. They had no scientific evidence to back up any sort of explanations. While there were ideas and theories about the solar system that had yet to be proven, no one at the time had the tool to back up this theory. During the scientific revolution in the 16th century, a scientist named Johannes Kepler proposed three laws of planetary motion. Kepler went on to explain that these accurate descriptions of the motion of any planet and any satellite nearly 400 years ago, and are still by NASA today. Kepler described five different fixed stationary orbits. If it were not for Kelper, society probably would not have the Lagrange points, which are used to give accurate locations of fixed loop hoop orbi ts in-between the earth and the moon. Technology then had to catch up with the theory. An early 16th century scientist came up with a tool that would literally change the outlook of how society perceived the world and later, even the universe. Spectacle maker Hans Lippershey is accredited with the earliest record design of the optical telescope. When word actually got out about this new innovative tool, Galileo Galilei made a name for it. Galileo took the telescope and did what no one else thought of, he courageously pointed it towards the heavens. His theory caused a ripple effect in the scientific community. His unending devotion and determination for discovery led to a better understanding of the universe. He gave other scientists, artists, and philosophers of centuries to come something they can build on. A telescope perfected from Hans Lippershey invention by the simple arrangement of two lenses in a long, narrow tube allowed Galileo to see objects ten times more clearly. With his primitive telescope, Galileo was able to make a number of remarkable discoveries. At the time, people believed the surface of the moon was smooth and flat. However, Galileo found mountains, valleys, and craters on the surface. Not only was Galileo the first man to see the craters of the moon, but he also went on to discover sunspots, the four large moons of Jupiter, and the rings of Saturn. This fire of ideas that Galileo created through his discoveries inspired scientists to create telescopes of increasing size and complexity. With the ever-changing shape and form of telescopes, astronomers have been able to see ever farther into the universe with increased clarity. Although telescopes have revealed much over their nearly 400-year history, they are still limited in what they can show us from Earth. Light pollution, cloud cover and the Earths turbulent atmosphere constantly interfere with telescope views from Earth. No telescope, to date, has been able to overcome these problems. To conquer these problems, scientists decided that a telescope must be placed above the atmosphere, in orbit around the Earth. That is where the Hubble telescope was born. The Hubble telescope, launched in 1990, marks the most significant advance in astronomy since Galileos telescope. This telescope was the first to be launched into orbit and is therefore at the ultimate mountaintop for viewing the universe. Above the distortion of the atmosphere, above rain clouds and light pollution, Hubble has an unobstructed view of the universe. So what did the new telescope discover? Scientists claim that they have used Hubble to observe the most distant stars and galaxies as well as the planets in our solar system. Even twenty years after its launch, Hubble is still in working order. However, the time has come to improve this situation and create something that will go beyond the Hubbles view. It is also important to have something that we are able to do regular maintenance on. By placing a permanent telescope on the moon, we can explore the universe in even greater capacity than the Hubble telescope did. Even today Galileos influence is being felt in the develo pment of telescopes and their increasing ability to explore space. This opportunity to place future space telescopes in superior environments would create a situation where Moon-based crews can easily visit them. It is promising enough that NASA should now begin brainstorming options and opportunities that I will recommend towards them. Telescopes on the Moon, especially instruments capable of feats well beyond the Hubble and Webb, but how can someone demonstrate how to overcome the cons over the pros? Placing telescopes on the moon telescopes could be considered a more stable environment than a telescope in orbit. Thus, placing telescopes within the service range of lunar outposts will have the effect of firming up the future for those outposts, and also receive funding necessary to keep them operational and growing. The biggest question is can you improve on the next telescope by creating one ultimate telescope or developing many with variety of task giving all while keeping within a practical budget? Galileos Influence on the Scientific Community Lance K. Erickson Ph. D., a professor of applied aviation sciences and space studies at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, agrees that Galileo had a strong influence on the scientific community. However, in our interview on DATE, Dr. Erickson added that even if Galileo had not lived, society would not be that far behind where it is now in space exploration. In addition to Galileo, many other scientists in history were developing their own telescopes. Leonard Digges, for example, invented the reflecting and refracting telescopes, but never capitalized on his invention. Another professor, however, emphasizes Galileos importance. In an interview with Dr. Alan R. Pratt, professor of humanities at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, he stated that if it were not for Galileo, many artists and philosophers would not have been so greatly influenced on the imagination of the universe. Dr. Pratt, stated: In terms of any other changes that happened in past centuries regarding science, I really do not think [that] any philosopher or artist could have had a bigger impact than Galileo did. In a matter of a few months, Galileo was able to alter the development of science so deeply as those months between the end of 1609 and the beginning of 1610. He now was at the crown rewriting the book of laws, which consisted of raw facts with evidence to back it up. He literally changed physics, which, in turn changed cosmology, and again that changed the way future philosophers and artists imagined the universe. This influenced many poets, mostly because they were stimulated on a sense of anxiety, that Galileo discovered that society is in fact on a small planet. According to Dr. Pratt, this change in science introduces a big change in religion and anthropology. Figure 1 portrays Galileo trying to convince the Church. Figure 1: Galileo and his Discoverieshttp://www.chrismadden.co.uk/moon/galileo-telescope-church.gif . Unlike many revolutions, the scientific revolution changed peoples minds, rather than the way society acted. People began to seek scientific answers to things that they before accepted as truth without question. Figure 1, shows that Galileo had a lot of explaining to do, but that it was not easy convincing the church of his discoveries. His theory was very much against religion, and Galileo knew this would change everything. As a result of Galileos influence, science and mathematics began to be more widely accepted than philosophy when used to explain phenomenon. Today, it is hard for anyone to comprehend that there was a time where claims were not researched scientifically. Galileo developed a more modern concept of researching which scientist still use today. Sir Isaac Newton Taking Telescopes to the Next Level Following Galileo, English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, Sir Isaac Newton is considered by many scholars and members of the general public to be one of the more influential people in human history. In 1661, the scientific revolution was at its peak, and many works of basic to modern science had appeared. Astronomers from Copernicus to Kepler had elaborated the heliocentric system of the universe. Galileo had proposed the foundations of a new mechanics built on the principle of inertia. Led by Descartes, philosophers had begun to formulate a new conception of nature as an intricate, impersonal, and inert machine. Newton was about to change the laws of the universe that were backed up by mathematically proven certainty. These laws were physical by nature but were neither sporadic nor limited locally. According to Newton in Principia, laws were universal. There were three laws that would describe universal gravitation. The only lim it of these laws of motion was that they could not be applied to the atomic level or on some conditions that would include the speed of light (Cambridge). Newtons Telescope In addition to these theories, Newton followed where Galileo left off and made a bigger and better telescope that would yet again change the way the public would view the universe. Figure 2 shows one of Newtons many drawings of his telescope. Figure 2: Newtons Drawing of a Telescope . The drawing represents the time when Newton began formulating the idea of optic lenses. An optic lens bends light in order to refract and, therefore, magnify the image. Newton went on to develop what is known as the theory of optics. Theory of Optics The theory of optics utilizes a concave mirror to develop a refracting telescope. Newton was able to utilize the visible light spectrum and show that bending it would create a magnifying effect. Understanding refracting telescopes did play a big role in the development of future telescopes. In 1704, Newton published Opticks, which resulted in his victory in the debate of the nature of light. In his publication, he questioned the theories of light, defraction, and the visible spectrum. He developed experiments to test these questions which he reviewed in Opticks. While this controversial debate over the nature of light was tested by many scientists, Newtons theory of optics became generally accepted. This theory led into the law of superposition, consisting of a wave-like property. Superposition opened a new door in physical optics. It wasnt until Sir Isaac Newton developed the next upgrade to the telescope, which he called the reflecting telescope, and later renamed as the Newtonian Reflector. This new optic lens would be revolutionary in terms of seeing deeper into space. Figure 3 depicts one of Newtons large telescopes with a structure to reach the eyepiece. These huge telescopes were the first of their time and were the first to use a pitch lap, a polished optical surface that acts as a mirror. Newton claimed that this reflector would be the heart of the design of the Newtonian telescope. Thus, the optic lens that Newton perfected within his telescope is still used today in the Hubble Space Telescope. Newtons development of the optic lens proved to be the next important step in space exploration. His upgraded development in the telescope was indeed the influence needed to keep the evolution of telescopes going. Figure 3: A large Newtonian Reflector . The Hubble Space Telescope Science has come a long way since the first telescopes were imagined in the minds of their creators. The complexity can range from a ten dollar telescope to multi-million dollar telescopes developed by todays space explorers. The most well-known of todays telescopes is the Hubble space telescope, which is used to capture images of space from Earths orbit. Long before the Hubble telescope was launched into orbit in 1990, scientists were developing ideas of sending telescopes into space. In 1946 Lyman Spitzer, a researcher from Yale University, wrote a paper entitled Astronomical Advantages of an Extra-Terrestrial Observatory, in which he discusses how Earths atmosphere affects the visibility of stars and planets in space. Through his research and development, Spitzer began collaborating with scientists and professionals to move his plan into action. In the 1960s, NASA began to discuss the feasibility of such a project, and in 1971, it was granted permission to further discuss the blueprint for the project. The largest obstacle in the creation of the Hubble telescope was acquiring the funds for the project, which was estimated to cost $400 to $500 million. After revising parts of the telescope to make it more cost-effective, Congress finally the proposal for funding at $200 million and established the Large Space Telescope project fundi ng in 1977. NASA had planned for the telescope to be launched in 1983; however, assembly of the Hubble was delayed through 1985, when it was finally completed. Figure 4 shows the various control systems of the Hubble as it is in orbit. The planned launch had finally been set for October 1986. This launch was interrupted in January, when tragedy struck the Challenger space shuttle as it ascended into the atmosphere and exploded above the Florida skyline. NASA officials began to question whether the telescope would make it safely into orbit. One year later, shuttle launches resumed, but it was not until April 24, 1990 that space shuttle Discovery finally carried the Hubble into orbit. Figure 4: Important Features of the Hubble Space Telescope . Most would consider the launch of the Hubble a success; however, one mission of the launch was to gain spectacular images of the cosmos. Within a few weeks of being launched, the images that were sent back to NASA headquarters appeared blurry and out of focus. According to the NASA History Division, An investigation revealed a spherical aberration in the primary mirror, due to a miscalibrated measuring instrument that caused the edges of the mirror to be ground slightly too flat (NASA). In December 1993, the first servicing mission was performed with five back-to-back spacewalks, fixing the aberration as well as performing routine maintenance. When the images finally developed into sharp, clear pictures of space, NASA considered the maintenance mission a success. With sustained servicing missions, Hubble has continued to explore the universe from Earths orbit for the past twenty years. Additional Telescopes Although the Hubble space telescope is not the only telescope in orbit, it has remained the only one to operate on visible light wavelengths. Other telescopes, such as the Spitzer space telescope detect infrared radiation, or heat radiation. In addition, Chandra is a telescope that measures X-rays from high-energy regions of the universe, such as exploded stars, according to the Chandra X-ray observatory. Another telescope, the Swift, measures gamma rays. NASA headquarters explains that, Swifts primary goal is to unravel the mystery of gamma ray bursts. The bursts are random and fleeting explosions, second only to the Big Bang in total energy output. Gamma rays are a type of light millions of times more energetic than light human eyes can detect. Gamma ray bursts last only from a few milliseconds to about one minute. Each burst likely signals the birth of a black hole. (NASA). As one can see, there are multiple uses for telescopes in space, ranging from visible explorations, to X-ray, to gamma ray, and beyond. As science evolves, so will the applications of telescopes in space. James Webb Space Telescope The future of telescopes is rapidly evolving. Within a few years, the Hubble will no longer be the main operating telescope in orbit. In 2014, NASA plans to launch the next telescope into orbit: the James Webb Space Telescope. This large infrared telescope will consist of a 6.5 meter primary mirror and measure parts of the universe that have never been documented before. As seen in Figure 5, the James Webb Space Telescopes mirror is nearly three times the size of the Hubble mirror. With its four measuring instruments: the Near InfraRed Camera, Near InfraRed Spectograph, Mid-InfraRed Instrument, and the Fine Guidance Sensor Tunable Filter Camera, the Webb will measure infrared waves with some visible range. Figure 6 shows the different parts of the James Webb Telescope and where it will be placed in orbit. According to NASA, The Webb has four main science themes: The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and Reionization, The Assembly of Galaxies, The Birth of Stars and Protoplanetary Sys tems, and Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life. (NASA). It will explore the development of the first galaxies, and how they have connected to ours. Figure 5: Mirror Comparison between JWST and Hubble (BBC News) . Figure 6: The James Webb Space Telescope (BBC News) . Telescopes and the Moon The moon is often brought up in forums on the NASA website regarding the possibilities of placing telescopes on the lunar surface. In order to even consider how to fulfill the four Ws of curiosity (what, where, when, and why), scientists must find a valid reason for leaving the practical environment of the Lower Earth Orbit (LEO). The LEO is an ideal place for telescopes to be in the reach of astronauts for routine maintenance. This is an important issue to explore for the future of telescopes. In an interview with Dr. Lance Erickson, he stated that the idea of placing a telescope on surface of the moon is just not practical. The reason for that is simply because the rocket-power to transport the telescope onto the lunar surface is not there. Dr. Erickson explained that even if NASA decided to assemble the telescope on the surface of the moon rather than transporting it, they would have to do so on the far side of the moon. This would result in requiring a lunar outpost for routine m aintenance. Even though the idea of scientists placing telescopes on the moon sounds like an ideal project for future exploration, Dr. Erickson stated that the amount of money needed to budget a project of that magnitude would be beyond practical. Furthermore, having a variety of telescopes rather than one big expensive telescope could be a more feasible way to do research. Dr. Erickson explains that having a backup plan before the actual plan is exactly how achieve efficiency. With a backup plan, the probability of having a successful outcome for research doubles. NASA Space Center will not look into any suggested projects that do not have a valid contingency plan, insuring that research and development will help with funding. This way if a mistake is made between the launch of the plan and the actual space flight, scientists have something to fall back on. The greatest barrier of getting an idea to machine is having a logical way of overcoming hurtles that scientist have to adapt to. For example, it is necessary to satisfy the needs of the project within the limits of the funds available in order to justify the research with the public. Having the taxpayers agree on research is huge because much of the funding may come from taxpayers wallets. In coming up with a logical proposal to NASA about having a lunar-based telescope, which, in-turn would have to be submitted to congress, there are a mix of pros and cons regarding the project. Dr. Erickson pointed out the cons of placing a telescope on the lunar surface, there are some feasible advantages in fulfilling this idea. Paul Gilster, an author, looks at peer-reviewed research on deep space exploration, with an eye toward interstellar possibilities on his website. For the past five years, this site has coordinated its efforts with the Tau Zero Foundation, and now serves as the Foundations news forum. Paul Gilster states: Putting an enormous radio telescope on the far side of the Moon has so many advantages that its hard to imagine not doing it, once our technology makes such ventures possible. Whatever the time frame, imagine an attenuation of radio noise from Earth many orders of magnitude over what is possible anywhere on the near side, much less on Earth itself. (Tau Zero Foundation) Due to the dusty environment of the moon, the best type of telescope to utilize would be a radio telescope. Objects on Earth and in space also emit other types of electromagnetic radiation that cannot be seen by the human eye, such as radio waves. The full range of radiation emitted by an object is called its electromagnetic spectrum. This radio astronomy is also known as the study of celestial objects that emit radio waves. Scientists can study astronomical phenomena that are often invisible in other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Thus, placing this type of telescope would be a benefit to the environment on the moon for the one big problem not mentioned through NASA website forums on how to deal with the lunar dust. The Apollo astronauts found that no matter how careful one was, the dust went everywhere. Having dust on the mirror or the hardware is not what one wants. With the Construction of a large based mirrored telescope on the lunar surface it would be particularly a problem during construction. Since radio waves penetrate dust, scientists can use radio astronomy techniques to study regions that cannot be seen in visible light, such as the dust-shrouded environments, which are the locations where you find the birth of stars and planets. Filling the Medium with Future Telescopes Today, NASAs budget will not be able to cover telescopes with cost running over in the trillions just in maintaining a lunar outpost. Being able to justify the cost of an improved telescope, while keeping it in the Unites States budget, will require filling the medium between the LEO and the Moon. So in filling this medium so instead of building on joint task telescope, NASA should implement a variety of telescopes at all of the Lagrange points. Lagrange points are The Lagrangian points (also Lagrange points, L-points, or libration points), the five positions in an orbital configuration where a small object affected only by gravity can theoretically be stationary relative to two larger objects (such as a satellite with respect to the Earth and Moon) (Web Definitions). According to Dr. Erickson, he suggested that there are three justified Lagrange points that can be used effectively for telescopes that can be designed for different task. In order to figure out what Lagrange point will fit a given telescope the job the best, you must consider the locations of each point. Furthermore, its important to point out that these Lagrange points follow under what is called the Keplers laws The three laws of planetary motion are briefly described below (Physics Classroom): The path of the planets about the sun is elliptical in shape, with the center of the sun being located at one focus. (The Law of Ellipses) An imaginary line drawn from the center of the sun to the center of the planet will sweep out equal areas in equal intervals of time. (The Law of Equal Areas) The ratio of the squares of the periods of any two planets is equal to the ratio of the cubes of their average distances from the sun. (The Law of Harmonies) With these laws in place, there is a chance of finding a loophole, and thats exactly what the five Lagrange points are. For example, with the L1 point, and given the proper distance of a spacecraft, which is maintained between the earth and the sun so long as it is about a hundredth of the distance to the sun (ESA). The spacecraft will take about one year to go around the Sun. With that, this point can used for monitoring the sun for its in the direct line between the sun and earth. In the interim, L1 is very unstable, so any spacecraft here will require their own rocket engines. Though, its a useful point for observing the sun (Dr. Erickson), the antennas which track it from Earth are also aimed at the Sun, which causes the disruptions with radio waves. Corrections are needed regularly (ESA). So the research will be limited to the sun. The next useful point will be Lagrange point 2. This point is located roughly around 1.5 million kilometers behind the earth (as viewed from the sun). To give a physical reference, it is estimated to be about four times the distance of the moon and earth (Figure 7). Figure 7: Lagrange Point 1 http://www.unexplainable.net/brainbox/uploads/1/21.jpg According to Dr. Erickson, this point will be the best for observing the larger universe which is observing deep space. The telescope would be free from the earths shadow, which distorts the observing views of the telescope mostly from the heat changes (correlation between day and night) (ESA). Most importantly, this point will be more stable than L1 and provide a more stable viewpoint. Figure 8: Lagrange Point 2 (Scientific Web) http://www.scientific-web.com/en/Astronomy/CelestialMechanics/images/LagrangePoints03.jpg Furthermore, L3 Lagrange point is the best for observing the galaxy according to Dr. Erickson. This Lagrange point lies behind the Sun, and any objects which may be orbiting there cannot be seen from Earth. The orbiting speed would equal earth and place the telescope just outside the orbital period of earth and as well the telescope would be on the opposite side of the sun which would block out sun light pollution (ESA). The reason Lagrange point 4 and 5 could not be used is mostly because of debris. Debris gathers at these locations interferes with the stability of these points as well as the resistance to gravitational perturbations lets objects such as small asteroids and a lot of dust to gather around these locations (ESA). In recognizing the best locations for future telescopes, it is important to understand the future designs for each task that the telescope will be fulfilling beyond all telescopes land based or present space telescopes. Scientists must find the medium of fulfilling both areas of the given mission. Finding the balance between fixed orbit positions within any lagrange points is not rounding off to what scientists think is the closest position for the fix in orbit, but rather being precise within feet of accuracy. These loopholes are very temperamental. That one of the major flaws with dealing with fixed orbits beyond human control. Gravity, like anything else in space, either works strongly in the favor of positive results for research as well as negative outcomes. The success of the mission for the space telescope will be greatly affected by where the telescope is located. Scientists will be faced with the greatest challenge of placing these telescopes not just in these point orbits b ut maintaining these telescopes in the point orbits. Conclusions While it may seem like a simple history lesson about Galileo and Newton but if it wasnt for their influence in the science community, society would not be where it is now in regards to space exploration. From Galileo to Hubble, much of the tools that helped Newton are still helping us today with telescopes. From retaining the laws of Kepler, to the Lagrange points, everything used in NASA has something to represent scientist of the 16th century today. Only a few settings are ideal for space telescopes. The best telescope design will resemble the Hubble. Like Galileo to Newton, the telescope of tomorrow will be perfected and increased in size and complexity as scientists learn from past mistakes. The James Webb telescope will be the next generation, but even though it is the most modern telescope, scientists are still looking beyond the Webb on what and where to place the next telescope. The future of telescopes will be satellite based on Lagrange points 1, 2 and 3. With a given purpose for each point, the observation will be different from one another; this will open up a variety of experiments for NASA. The best place to observe the Sun will be at Lagrange point 1, for it is in the direct line between the Sun and the Earth. Though it falls in the criteria of being in a loop hole, being a fix orbit is exactly what a satellite telescope needs. It will require some rocket power to maintain its position in orbit. Given the circumstances of it position, it will only be able to observe the Sun, which scientist are still learning about today. With the only flaw of this point being the radio interference because of the Sun, there is still much to learn from the L1 point that a telescope will be an asset to better this research. The next best position for future telescopes would be L2, as it is an ideal place to observe the larger Universe, which is observing deep space. The reason for this is because the telescope would be free of the Earths shadow. This is very important when it come to exploring space in the means of using a telescope. Every astronomer knows that light is a major influence on telescope imagery. Light is what creates an imbalance in heat in space. Out of all the Lagrange points, L2 is the best. It is the most stable of the three points and it can increase the distance we can explore into deep sp

A Rewiew of a Rose

Tiffany Gattis Tavel ENG 151 05 Oct 2012 A Review of a Rose â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, by William Faulkner is a riveting tale of the perils of love lost. Though the story offers up an elaborate plot, the conclusion did not fully provide closure as would be the natural expectation. Instead, the conclusion was heavily shrouded in mystery and secrecy. â€Å"Miss Emily after Dark†, by Thomas Robert Argiro, which was published in The Mississippi Quarterly, discusses the many obscurities within the story and the effects of them remaining so right up to the conclusion with relation to the reader.Laura J. Getty’s critical essay,† Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily† touches on the manner in which these obscurities evoke sensationalism among readers by leaving room for the imagination to run wild with approximation. This is what great stories are built on; allowing each reader perceptive resolution. According to Dictionary. com, the word conclusion is defined as the last main division of discourse, usually containing a summary of the main points and a statement of opinion or decisions reached. There is, by definition, a sense of finality in the word.Despite the suggested intent, not all stories provide this presumed closure. Among the many tales ending in such a manner is Faulkner’s masterfully crafted â€Å"A Rose for Emily†; a story set in a small, post World War II southern town struggling with post-war socio-economic transformations. The conclusion of this ominous tale allows the readers imagination the freedom to supplement omitted details with personally palatable concepts. Among the central yet under-developed themes were Emily’s relationships with her father, the surrounding community, and her assumed lover, Homer Barron.The relationship between Emily and her father, as described by Faulkner, leaves the reader pondering what, and exactly how much was left unsaid, and the possible implications as they relate to t he proverbial white space of the story. â€Å"The townspeople are extremely sensitive to Emily’s psychological state. â€Å"When Emily tries to keep her father’s corpse, they believed that she had to do that. We remember all the young men her father had driven away, and we knew that with nothing left, she would cling to that which had robbed her, as people will†(Getty 2).Though it is not unusual for fathers to be protective of their daughters, the rapport described begins to border on what most would consider discomfited and deviant. The relationship was so constrictive that it mired her progression through crucial developmental milestones; likely contributing to the progressive emotional unrest witnessed in the years following his death. â€Å"The specter of incest opens the story up to consideration of the psychic damage that Emily may have suffered† (Argiro 2).With her only permissible companion now laid to rest, Emily seems unable, or even unwilling to master the art of normal human interaction. Her self-imposed isolation did nothing to alleviate strained relations with a town already grappling with the adaptations of a new era; the death of the south, as it had been know to its inhabitants, was underway. Though the reader is given the impression that Emily did not recognize the progressive deterioration of her already severely dilapidated living quarters, this seems highly unlikely.More plausible is the possibility that she did in fact recognize the decline, and as a result renounced the inquiries of the masses in an attempt to protect her residual stateliness. â€Å"Emily’s myth does not enliven Jefferson; instead it discloses an impoverished fantasy of a lost noblesse oblige† (Argiro 3). Throughout childhood, Emily had been psychologically inundated with the notion that she was superior to southern-born counterparts; a queen amongst paupers. The effects of this are apparent in the nonchalant manner in which she dismisses the legitimate concerns of the townspeople. I have no taxes in Jefferson†, was her sole response when asked about payment that was undoubtedly long overdue; a response that should have resulted in eviction in the absence of the unanimously sympathetic sentiments of the townspeople she clearly did not hold in high regard. â€Å"She appears visible enough to the townspeople bent on scrutinizing her every move, yet she remains well beyond their comprehension† (Argiro 1). Emily lived by her own scruples in both her business and personal matters, and gave little or no thought as to social consequences.Her love life was not exempt from these sentiments. â€Å"The indignant community is scandalized that she would ever think seriously of a Northerner, a day laborer† (Argiro 1). Homer Barron did not at all fit the profile of what the surrounding community considered a suitable husband. Among the many concerns voiced was his assumed sexual preference. He could b e seen by all gallivanting about the town with various young men drinking and causing a great ruckus; behavior not at all like that which was expected of a southern gentleman, and certainly not becoming of a suitor of a revered southern belle.Speculation as to his true motives with regard to his public courting of Emily spread riotously throughout the community. The scene evoked mixed emotions because though the relationship did serve to increase Emily’s socialization, to the public eye, they appeared hopelessly mismatched. â€Å"Emily’s liaison with Homer is in many respects remarkable: she makes a leap out of her seclusion and into a new intimate social reality† (Argiro 2). Though Homer’s motives will forever remain a mystery, it is abundantly clear that whatever his rationale could have been, it ultimately cost him his life.Though little clarity was provided as to the circumstance surrounding Homer’s death, it can be deduced that the overwhelmin g fear of loneliness and lost love were among Emily’s motivators. â€Å"No one knows the intimacies of Emily and Homer with any certainty, but select details may expose various reasons for Homer’s corpse winding up on gruesome display in Emily’s upstairs bedroom†(Argiro 3). It seems unfathomable that a man of Homer’s experience would not have recognized her social immaturity and vulnerability. Homer seemed to take full advantage; accepting gifts which pointed to the prospects of a dignified future with Emily in holy matrimony.Still, he appeared in no hurry to solidify a commitment. In a time when a woman’s virtue was considered transposable with her character, such mismanagement could have triggered the emotional instability that resulted in his untimely demise. Despite Faulkner’s choice to input such ambiguity into the story line; what emerged was a masterpiece that will likely evoke great debate for centuries to come. It is this imp recision that makes this story such a powerful read; reigniting within its readers a burning, child-like curiosity that sets the imagination afire with conjecture. The main secrets in Jefferson take place inside that building, and the most important secret is revealed only after the flowers have been placed on Emily’s grave† (Getty 2). Like stories of the haunted, abandoned house just at the end of lane, this story will endure through generations of fresh perspectives and renewed deliberation. Work Cited Argiro, Thomas Robert. â€Å"Miss Emily after dark. † The Mississippi Quarterly 64. 3-4 (2011): 445+. Literature Resource Center. Web. 29 Sep. 2012. Getty, Laura J. â€Å"Faulkner's A Rose for Emily. † The Explicator 63. 4 (2005): 230+. Literature Resource Center. Web. 29 Sep. 2012.

Explain why effective communicating in developing positive relationships is important Essay

Explain why effective communicating in developing positive relationships with children, young people and adults is important Effective communication is important with children because it helps them to feel valued. It shows them that their interests and opinions are listened to. When we listen and communicate with children, this gives them more self-confidence and it also helps to increase their self-esteem, both of these being so important for their future. The child we are communicating with needs to feel at ease and be given the opportunity to communicate back with comfort and confidence. Children need to have role models, they need to understand that these people eg.teachers , classroom assistants or school principles must be listened too, respected and obeyed. Communicating clearly with children (either giving orders or simply praising them) helps to establish this, and in return, hopefully you will built trust and respect. This is vital if a child needs to confide in us regarding aspects of their life which may be troubling them. Eg bullying, family life or maybe having negative feeling. As children slowly learn how to respect you, it should help to develop how they communicate with others. It allows them to develop and reach their maximum potential as they learn how to exchange information. Relationship problems can develop when there is a lack of communication, or don’t have the skills to communicate effectively. These skills include:  good listening skills  using the word â€Å"I† eg I would like you to tell me †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. using the child’s name – this makes things more personal  speaking in an even tone  using short sentences  giving short and clear instructions  open body language We can communicate in different ways: -The way we speak – tone of voice, clarity etc -Gestures – pointing, hand movements etc -Body language – arms folded etc -Facial expressions – angry, smiling etx Effective communication is important for the smooth running of any situation.

Free Essays on Must You Judge Me By My Gender And Race

, the young African American male was looked at as someone he wasn’t just because of his style of dressing, his race, and his gender. In relation to Black Men and Public Space, many black males could relate through several public places. For example, an African American male is driving in his brand new, hard owned Jaguar through his predominately white ascendant neighborhood, and is pulled over by a disrespectful white policeman for no apparent reason. As the officer walks over to the car, he asks the black man to see his license and registration, walks back to his squad car and checks out all the paper work. As the policeman walks back to the Jaguar and hands the papers back, he okays the male to leave. However, just before the black man drives off, he asks, "Officer, why did you pull me over?" The officer states, "Just to check your tags and make sure the car wasn’t stolen." Do you think the policeman would have stopped the driver of the Jaguar if the driver was riding through the same neighborhood, but happened to be of White or Asian descent? Another similarity is how young African American males are primarily assumed to always be doing wrong or stealing from public places. Whenever a black male walks into a store or shopping center it always seems like ... Free Essays on Must You Judge Me By My Gender And Race Free Essays on Must You Judge Me By My Gender And Race Must You Judge Me by My Gender and Race In today’s society many African American males have been pre-judged just because of their ethnic background. Due to many rapes, robberies, and murders acclaimed by the majority of black males, many figure that all African American males partake in these activities. Looks can be deceiving and no one man should be pre-judged by his race nor his gender. In a short essay entitled Black Men and Public Space, there was a male character of black descent who was falsely incriminated of being a mugger, a rapist, and worse just because he was walking down a dark street accompanying a white female who was alone. In other words, the young African American male was looked at as someone he wasn’t just because of his style of dressing, his race, and his gender. In relation to Black Men and Public Space, many black males could relate through several public places. For example, an African American male is driving in his brand new, hard owned Jaguar through his predominately white ascendant neighborhood, and is pulled over by a disrespectful white policeman for no apparent reason. As the officer walks over to the car, he asks the black man to see his license and registration, walks back to his squad car and checks out all the paper work. As the policeman walks back to the Jaguar and hands the papers back, he okays the male to leave. However, just before the black man drives off, he asks, "Officer, why did you pull me over?" The officer states, "Just to check your tags and make sure the car wasn’t stolen." Do you think the policeman would have stopped the driver of the Jaguar if the driver was riding through the same neighborhood, but happened to be of White or Asian descent? Another similarity is how young African American males are primarily assumed to always be doing wrong or stealing from public places. Whenever a black male walks into a store or shopping center it always seems like ...

Free Essays on More Just Societies

More Just Societies Let’s take a trip back in time into the 1960’s. African Americans were facing very harsh discrimination against them by white Americans. African Americans faced many hardships and were mistreated very poorly. Even earlier in history look at Native Americans. The â€Å"White Men† came onto their land and territory and mistreated and basically took over their land. Well, times have changed a lot since those days, and Americans are trying to give back to the Native Americans and African Americans were given rights as individuals and are not treated like they are not human anymore. But humans as a society still have much to work on. The United States has much to work on within our own society. There is so much mistreatment such as racism, sexism, and even ageism. Individuals look at the color of one’s skin, their sex, and even their age before they even look at the person and already begin to judge that individual. So as a society we need to look past the persons outside and see the person for who they are and what they believe in. Society has been changing for the better because there was a time when one could not get a job just because of the color of their skin, of whether or not they were male or female. Society does still a little judging of one’s skin color and by their sex, but I believe society will never be able to completely look past certain things. As a society we just need to minimize how much we judge and look upon one another. There are a few possible ways to reduce discrimination within our society today. The most affective way to reduce discrimination is to make it illegal. This method is not too logical because there is no way to affectively enforce this. People need to just keep in mind what American stands for, which is â€Å"freedom†. There are methods currently in place trying to make the U.S. a more just society. One of these methods is to have quotas that companies o... Free Essays on More Just Societies Free Essays on More Just Societies More Just Societies Let’s take a trip back in time into the 1960’s. African Americans were facing very harsh discrimination against them by white Americans. African Americans faced many hardships and were mistreated very poorly. Even earlier in history look at Native Americans. The â€Å"White Men† came onto their land and territory and mistreated and basically took over their land. Well, times have changed a lot since those days, and Americans are trying to give back to the Native Americans and African Americans were given rights as individuals and are not treated like they are not human anymore. But humans as a society still have much to work on. The United States has much to work on within our own society. There is so much mistreatment such as racism, sexism, and even ageism. Individuals look at the color of one’s skin, their sex, and even their age before they even look at the person and already begin to judge that individual. So as a society we need to look past the persons outside and see the person for who they are and what they believe in. Society has been changing for the better because there was a time when one could not get a job just because of the color of their skin, of whether or not they were male or female. Society does still a little judging of one’s skin color and by their sex, but I believe society will never be able to completely look past certain things. As a society we just need to minimize how much we judge and look upon one another. There are a few possible ways to reduce discrimination within our society today. The most affective way to reduce discrimination is to make it illegal. This method is not too logical because there is no way to affectively enforce this. People need to just keep in mind what American stands for, which is â€Å"freedom†. There are methods currently in place trying to make the U.S. a more just society. One of these methods is to have quotas that companies o...

Solar System Formation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Solar System Formation - Lab Report Example The alignment different from that when the Moon is in its 1st quarter phase. Where is the dark side of the Moon? Facing away from sun. Where is the far side of the Moon? _facing away from sun_ 2. Starting with a new moon (Sun-Moon-Earth alignment), rotate the Earth once. True or False: All locations on the Earth (ignore the N/S poles) see a new moon, or close to a new moon (that is, if we could actually â€Å"see† a new moon). 3. Keep stepping through this process (rotate Earth once, move the Moon 12 degrees) until you get to the first quarter moon (7.5 rotations of the Earth). True or False: All locations on Earth see a 1st quarter moon, or close to it over the course of 1 rotation of the Earth. 11. The Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours, making our day 24 hours long. We will loosely define a day as the length of time it takes the Sun to return to the same place in the sky at a given location. In Earth days, how long is a day if you lived on the Moon? Is the dark side of the Moon always dark? Explain. ] 720hours. It is not always dark! One complete rotation of the moon round the earth takes approximately 30 days. Thus, 30 days multiplied by 24hours =720 hours. The moon reflects the light of the sun to the earth as it revolves and the side which is not stricken by the light does not reflect this light and hence the dark side of the moon but in real sense it is not dark but failed to receive light to reflect at a given phase. 14. Choose from: WNW, WSW, SSW, SSE, ESE, ENE, NNE, NNW. For science, it is sufficient to note just one observation that negates this â€Å"shadowed Moon† idea to have the hypothesis disproved. Figure 2 shown below is an observation that does just that. The phase is waxing crescent and the Sun is still up, located in the WNW. The Moon is in the SW sky. The shadows of those trees in the image must point in which direction?__SSE_____ . The shadow of the Moon must then point parallel to

Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane - Article Example It is evident that the effect of DDT as an indoor residual insecticide (IRS) lasts longer i.e. for approximately 6 to 12 months unlike other insecticides used to control malaria vectors whose effect lasts for only 2 to 6 months. In addition, other disease causing vectors are repelled by DDT thus forced to migrate to other locations (Atkinson, 2009). Once DDT is absorbed into the body of insects and pesticides it immediately destroys them by affecting their nervous system. DDT inhibits the neurons where it opens up sodium ion channels. This causes the channels to fire up spontaneously leading to death of the affected pest or insect. DDT also acts on the shells of mosquito eggs thinning them to the extent of destroying the life of the pupa. This is because DDT manages to impair the shell glands that are supposed to excrete calcium carbonate to aid in the development of the egg (Hayes, 2010). Therefore, DDT provides a simple and sustainable pest control strategy that is suitable for mos t of the mosquito prone regions. However, due to health and environmental concerns brought forth by the use of DDT, this chemical should only be used with extreme caution to ensure all the stipulated requirements are followed and there is no other safer and affordable means that can be used. This is because the prolonged use of DDT causes environmental degradation, infertility, breast cancer, genital birth defects, brain damages and diabetes. DDT is quite stable and thus does not degrade that easily. In fact, it has the ability of remaining active for decades. On the other hand, it is not soluble in water therefore it is not washed away easily from the soil. These two facts are the core reasons for the development of the myriad controversies surrounding DDT in regards to its safety towards health of human beings, plants and animals and the safety and sustainability of the environment. As a result, it has raised a paradigm because it is not ethical to let people die from malaria and yet the effect of malaria can be curtailed by the use of DDT. On the other side, it is also not ethical to continue supporting the prolonged use of DDT since it poses a risk to the human population and the environment (Hayes, 2010). Unfortunately, the volume of sprayed DDT in households is gradually increasing to alarming rates. In fact, quite scary results were revealed according to a conducted study in the volume of semen and sperm count in males living in households that use DDT. The sperm count and semen volume of the male with high levels of DDT in their blood were extremely low when compared to others. Moreover, DDT is absorbed into body tissues and can even be transferred to infants through breast milk. In addition, DDT has a stable chemical structure thus making it possible for the chemical to stay in the environment for decades without degrading. These facts are supported by the adverse results that DDT had in America when it was sprayed to control the spread of mosquitoes and crop pests. Its effects nearly wiped out all the pelican and bald eagles (Atkinson, 2009). However, in most of the developing countries other alternatives of controlling mosquito vectors including the use of bed nets that have been treated with insecticides and use of anti-malaria drugs are not as effective as the use of DDT. This is in contrast to most developed countries where the DDT alternatives are relatively effective. This is